punktfunk/docs-site/content/docs/steamos-host.md

---
title: "SteamOS (Host)"
description: "Run a punktfunk host on SteamOS — stream its Game Mode (or desktop) to your other devices. One script, built on-device and ABI-matched to SteamOS."
---

This is for using a **SteamOS device as the host** — streaming *from* it to a laptop, TV, phone, or
another device. (For the usual case — streaming *to* a Steam Deck — see [Install a Client](/docs/install-client),
which uses the Flatpak + Decky plugin.)

We support SteamOS as a host mainly with an eye to the **upcoming Steam Machine** — a living-room,
desktop-class SteamOS box is a natural always-on streaming host. The **Steam Deck** is the SteamOS
device we can test on today, so it's what these instructions are validated against; the same
on-device build works on any SteamOS 3 system.

> New here? Read [Security & Safe Use](/docs/security) first — a streaming host is remote control of
> the machine, so keep it on a trusted LAN or VPN and require pairing.

SteamOS is an immutable, read-only Arch base, so the host isn't a system package. Instead a single
script builds the host **natively inside a Debian-trixie distrobox** (ABI-matched to SteamOS's
FFmpeg/glibc — the binary then runs natively on SteamOS) and wires it up as systemd user services.
Building on-device means a rebuild always matches the running OS, so a SteamOS update can't leave you
with a binary linked against the wrong libraries. Encode is **VAAPI** on the AMD GPU (auto-detected;
NVENC on NVIDIA).

> **Heads up:** in our testing the Steam Deck's WiFi *tx* topped out around ~250 Mbps of goodput
> regardless of band — enough for 1080p/1440p60, not 4K. This looked like a hardware/driver
> packet-rate limit rather than a bandwidth ceiling, but it's one device measured on one network:
> other SteamOS hardware, newer drivers, or a less congested band may do better. A wired dock
> sidesteps it entirely. See [Configuration](/docs/configuration) for bitrate guidance.

## Prerequisites

- A SteamOS device on **SteamOS 3** (e.g. a Steam Deck, LCD or OLED). Steady WiFi or, better, a wired dock.
- **distrobox** installed (no root needed). If `distrobox` isn't found:
  ```sh
  curl -sfL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/89luca89/distrobox/main/install | sh -s -- --prefix ~/.local
  ```
  Make sure `~/.local/bin` is on your `PATH` (re-open the terminal).
- The first build downloads a container image + toolchain (~1 GB) and takes ~10–15 minutes. Later
  rebuilds are incremental.

## 1. Get the source

In Desktop Mode open **Konsole** (or ssh in), then:

```sh
git clone https://git.unom.io/unom/punktfunk ~/punktfunk
```

## 2. Run the installer

```sh
bash ~/punktfunk/scripts/steamdeck/install.sh
```

It is idempotent — safe to re-run. In one pass it:

1. creates the `pf2` Debian-trixie distrobox and installs the build toolchain,
2. builds `punktfunk-host` (and the web console),
3. writes config to `~/.config/punktfunk/` (a generated web-console login password),
4. raises the UDP socket buffers to 32 MB, installs the gamepad udev rule + the `vhci-hcd` autoload
   and adds you to the `input` group (virtual gamepads / **native Steam Deck controller passthrough**),
   and seeds the KDE RemoteDesktop grant for Desktop-mode input — this step **prompts for your `sudo`
   password** (a stock Steam Deck requires one; without it gamepad passthrough and the UDP tuning are skipped),
5. installs + starts the `punktfunk-host` and `punktfunk-web` **systemd user services** (with linger,
   so they run without a login session).

Useful flags:

| Flag | Effect |
|------|--------|
| `--open` | Accept **unpaired** clients (trust-on-first-use) — convenient on a fully trusted LAN. Default is PIN pairing required. |
| `--no-gamestream` | Run a **secure native-only** host — skip the GameStream/Moonlight-compat planes (see below). Default keeps them on so stock Moonlight works. |
| `--no-web` | Skip the management web console. |
| `--src=DIR` | Build from source at `DIR` instead of `~/punktfunk`. |

When it finishes it prints the web-console URL and how to pair.

> **GameStream/Moonlight compat is on by default.** The native `punktfunk/1` plane (used by
> punktfunk's own clients — SPAKE2 PIN pairing, per-direction AEAD) is **always on** and is the secure
> path. The installer also enables the **GameStream/Moonlight-compat planes** so stock
> [Moonlight](/docs/moonlight) works — but those carry inherent on-path weaknesses (pairing over plain
> HTTP; legacy control encryption that can reuse GCM nonces), so enable them only on a **trusted LAN**.
> If you only ever use native clients, install with `--no-gamestream` for a host with no GameStream
> surface at all.

> **First install — reboot once before streaming.** KWin only authorizes Desktop-mode screen capture
> on a fresh session, and the new `input` group (native Steam Deck controller passthrough) only takes
> effect on a new login — so after the **first** install, **reboot the Deck** (a re-run that changes
> nothing doesn't need it). Streaming **Game Mode** with a generic Xbox pad works right away; **Desktop
> capture and the native Steam Deck controller need the reboot.** If a client connects and every
> session ends with `KWin does not expose zkde_screencast_unstable_v1` or the pad shows up as an Xbox
> 360 controller, you haven't rebooted yet.

## 3. Pair a device

By default the host **requires PIN pairing** (secure). Two ways to pair:

- **Web console** (printed at the end of step 2): open `https://<device-ip>:47992` (self-signed host
  cert — your browser warns once; trust it and continue),
  [arm pairing](/docs/web-console#arm-pairing), and enter the PIN on your client.
- **From the client directly**: pick this host (it advertises over mDNS as `_punktfunk._udp`) and
  enter the PIN the host shows.

On a trusted home LAN you can instead install with `--open` and skip pairing entirely.

### Console login password

The installer generates a random console login password (printed at the end of step 2) and writes it
to `~/.config/punktfunk/web.env`. To read it back or set your own, see
[The Web Console](/docs/web-console#login-password).

## 4. Verify

```sh
systemctl --user status punktfunk-host          # active (running)
journalctl --user -u punktfunk-host -f          # watch a client connect
```

Connect from a [native client](/docs/clients), or from [Moonlight](/docs/moonlight) (unless you
installed with `--no-gamestream`). In Game Mode the host attaches to the running gamescope session and
streams it at your client's resolution; in Desktop Mode it streams the KDE desktop. The host
auto-detects which session is live per connection. See [Steam / gamescope](/docs/gamescope) for the
attach-vs-managed detail and known limits.

## Updating

After pulling new source, rebuild and restart in one step (config + pairings persist):

```sh
git -C ~/punktfunk pull          # or rsync new source in
bash ~/punktfunk/scripts/steamdeck/update.sh
```

## Notes & limits

- **Single session at a time** at custom resolutions — two clients requesting different modes will
  thrash the managed session. Pick one mode per session.
- **Keep the device awake.** On handhelds, Game Mode auto-suspends on idle, which drops the host off
  the network mid stream — disable auto-suspend (Settings → Power) for a headless host.
- **Native Steam Deck controller passthrough** presents the client's pad as a real Steam Deck
  controller (paddles, trackpads, gyro) via a virtual USB device — that needs the `input` group and the
  `vhci-hcd` module live, so it only works **after the first-install reboot** above; until then the pad
  degrades to a generic Xbox 360 controller (still fully playable). If you're streaming *to* another
  Steam Deck, also set Steam Input to **Off** for Punktfunk on that Deck — see
  [Stream to a Steam Deck](/docs/steam-deck).
- **It survives OS updates**, but a major SteamOS bump can move library versions; if the host fails to
  start after an update, just re-run `update.sh` to rebuild against the new base.
- Deeper reference (services, container, manual steps): [`scripts/steamdeck/README.md`](https://git.unom.io/unom/punktfunk/src/branch/main/scripts/steamdeck/README.md).

Trouble? See [Troubleshooting](/docs/troubleshooting) and [Pairing](/docs/pairing).