Merge branch 'gamepad-apple-cleanup': cross-client + host gamepad review cleanup (G1–G25)

48-finding cross-client + host gamepad audit (2026-07-13). Apple/Android/SDL-core
capture + feedback and the Linux/Windows host injectors: held-guide release, the
permanent broken-latch cliff (PadGate), Steam Deck trackpad clicks, DualSense mute,
Windows DS/DS4 paddle fold, uinput button re-sync, gamestream BTN_* dedup, the dead
Windows shell fork, legacy-Deck rumble ceiling, XUSB arrival, ARM64 fences, the
truncate-everywhere value convention, and more. See
punktfunk-planning/design/gamepad-review-cleanup.md.

Cargo.lock

@@ -3046,7 +3046,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "mdns-sd",
  "pf-client-core",
  "punktfunk-core",
- "sdl3",
  "serde",
  "serde_json",
  "tracing",

clients/android/app/src/main/kotlin/io/unom/punktfunk/GamepadNav.kt

@@ -241,7 +241,10 @@ private fun resolveDir(s: NavInputState): NavDir? {
     if (s.hatY >= 0.5f) return NavDir.DOWN
     if (s.hatX <= -0.5f) return NavDir.LEFT
     if (s.hatX >= 0.5f) return NavDir.RIGHT
-    return if (abs(s.stickY) >= abs(s.stickX)) {
+    // Horizontal wins an exact |x| == |y| diagonal tie (Y must be strictly greater to take the
+    // vertical branch), matching the SDL core and Apple nav so a perfect 45° push resolves the
+    // same on every client.
+    return if (abs(s.stickY) > abs(s.stickX)) {
         when {
             s.stickY <= -STICK_HIGH -> NavDir.UP
             s.stickY >= STICK_HIGH -> NavDir.DOWN

clients/android/app/src/main/kotlin/io/unom/punktfunk/MainActivity.kt

@@ -127,12 +127,12 @@ class MainActivity : ComponentActivity() {
             if (event.isFromSource(InputDevice.SOURCE_GAMEPAD)) {
                 val bit = Gamepad.buttonBit(event.keyCode)
                 if (bit != 0) {
-                    // The router forwards the bit on this device's own wire pad index, tracks held
-                    // state per pad, and reports when the emergency-exit chord (Select + Start + L1 +
-                    // R1) completed on any one pad (a couch user has no keyboard/Back).
-                    if (gamepadRouter?.onButton(event, bit) == true) {
-                        requestStreamExit?.let { exit -> window.decorView.post { exit() } }
-                    }
+                    // The router forwards the bit on this device's own wire pad index and tracks held
+                    // state per pad. The emergency-exit chord (Select + Start + L1 + R1) is handled
+                    // inside the router: holding it for ~1.5 s fires router.onExitChord (wired in
+                    // StreamScreen), so a couch user with no keyboard/Back can still leave — but an
+                    // accidental brush of the four buttons no longer quits instantly.
+                    gamepadRouter?.onButton(event, bit)
                     return true // consumed
                 }
             }

clients/android/app/src/main/kotlin/io/unom/punktfunk/StreamScreen.kt

@@ -180,13 +180,19 @@ fun StreamScreen(handle: Long, micEnabled: Boolean, onDisconnect: () -> Unit) {
         val router = GamepadRouter(context, handle, initialSettings.gamepad)
         activity?.gamepadRouter = router
         // Select+Start+L1+R1 chord leaves the stream — a deliberate quit (signal it so the host skips
-        // the keep-alive linger), unlike a host-ended / backgrounded drop.
+        // the keep-alive linger), unlike a host-ended / backgrounded drop. The router debounces it
+        // (must be held ~1.5 s) and fires onExitChord on its main-thread timer, so leave the stream
+        // the same way the Back gesture does.
         activity?.requestStreamExit = { NativeBridge.nativeDisconnectQuit(handle); onDisconnect() }
+        router.onExitChord = { activity?.requestStreamExit?.invoke() }
         activity?.setConsoleHighRefreshRate(false) // let the decoder's setFrameRate pick the panel rate
         // Host→client feedback (rumble + DualSense lightbar/LEDs), routed to each controller by pad
         // index via the router; poll threads stopped + joined before the router is released and the
         // session closed.
         val feedback = GamepadFeedback(handle, router).also { it.start() }
+        // Free a disconnected controller's rumble/lights bindings promptly (else the open lights
+        // session leaks until the session ends). The router owns hot-plug; the feedback owns the binds.
+        router.onSlotClosed = feedback::onDeviceRemoved
         onDispose {
             closed.set(true) // from here the handle gets freed; surfaceDestroyed must not touch it
             feedback.stop() // stop + join the poll threads BEFORE the router is released / handle freed

clients/android/kit/src/main/kotlin/io/unom/punktfunk/kit/Gamepad.kt

@@ -219,14 +219,31 @@ object Gamepad {
                 ),
             )
 
-            // HAT → dpad button transitions (track previous, emit only the deltas).
-            val hx = sign(event.getAxisValue(MotionEvent.AXIS_HAT_X))
+            // HAT → dpad button transitions. Android BATCHES joystick ACTION_MOVEs, so a rapid d-pad
+            // tap (press+release inside one batch window) lives only in the historical samples — the
+            // final getAxisValue would show the HAT already back at rest and miss the tap entirely.
+            // Feed every historical HAT sample (oldest→newest) through the same transition logic
+            // before the current one, so each edge is emitted. (Sticks/triggers stay latest-wins:
+            // only the final value matters for an analog axis.)
+            for (h in 0 until event.historySize) {
+                applyHat(
+                    sign(event.getHistoricalAxisValue(MotionEvent.AXIS_HAT_X, h)),
+                    sign(event.getHistoricalAxisValue(MotionEvent.AXIS_HAT_Y, h)),
+                )
+            }
+            applyHat(
+                sign(event.getAxisValue(MotionEvent.AXIS_HAT_X)),
+                sign(event.getAxisValue(MotionEvent.AXIS_HAT_Y)),
+            )
+        }
+
+        /** Emit dpad button deltas for one HAT sample (`hx`/`hy` each −1/0/+1), tracking held state. */
+        private fun applyHat(hx: Int, hy: Int) {
             if (hx != hatX) {
                 if (hatX < 0) btn(BTN_DPAD_LEFT, false) else if (hatX > 0) btn(BTN_DPAD_RIGHT, false)
                 if (hx < 0) btn(BTN_DPAD_LEFT, true) else if (hx > 0) btn(BTN_DPAD_RIGHT, true)
                 hatX = hx
             }
-            val hy = sign(event.getAxisValue(MotionEvent.AXIS_HAT_Y))
             if (hy != hatY) {
                 if (hatY < 0) btn(BTN_DPAD_UP, false) else if (hatY > 0) btn(BTN_DPAD_DOWN, false)
                 if (hy < 0) btn(BTN_DPAD_UP, true) else if (hy > 0) btn(BTN_DPAD_DOWN, true)

clients/android/kit/src/main/kotlin/io/unom/punktfunk/kit/GamepadFeedback.kt

@@ -64,10 +64,16 @@ class GamepadFeedback(private val handle: Long, private val router: GamepadRoute
     private var rumbleThread: Thread? = null
     private var hidoutThread: Thread? = null
 
-    // Per-controller bindings, keyed by device id, built lazily. rumbleBinds is touched ONLY by the
-    // rumble thread and lightBinds ONLY by the hidout thread while running; stop() reads both from the
-    // main thread AFTER joining those threads (join establishes the happens-before), so plain maps are
-    // race-free. A null value caches "this controller has no vibrator / no controllable lights".
+    // Per-controller bindings, keyed by device id, built lazily. rumbleBinds is written by the rumble
+    // thread and lightBinds by the hidout thread while running; [onDeviceRemoved] also evicts+closes
+    // from the MAIN thread on a hot-unplug, and stop() clears both from the main thread after joining
+    // the threads. That main-vs-poll concurrency is why every access goes through `bindsLock` (a plain
+    // HashMap can corrupt under a concurrent structural write, and ConcurrentHashMap can't hold the
+    // null value that caches "this controller has no vibrator / no controllable lights"). The lock
+    // guards only the map ops — rendering runs on the returned reference outside it; a stale reference
+    // is harmless (a closed LightsSession's requestLights and a cancelled Vibrator are runCatching'd
+    // no-ops). A null value caches the negative result so a pad with no hardware isn't re-probed.
+    private val bindsLock = Any()
     private val rumbleBinds = HashMap<Int, RumbleBind?>()
     private val lightBinds = HashMap<Int, LightBind?>()
 
@@ -122,6 +128,7 @@ class GamepadFeedback(private val handle: Long, private val router: GamepadRoute
         rumbleThread = null
         hidoutThread = null
         // Threads are dead — drop any held rumble and close every lights session.
+        synchronized(bindsLock) {
             for (b in rumbleBinds.values) b?.let {
                 runCatching { it.vm?.cancel() }
                 runCatching { it.legacy?.cancel() }
@@ -130,17 +137,40 @@ class GamepadFeedback(private val handle: Long, private val router: GamepadRoute
             rumbleBinds.clear()
             lightBinds.clear()
         }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Evict and release the bindings for a controller that just disconnected — invoked from
+     * [GamepadRouter]'s slot-close on the main thread (routed via `StreamScreen`). Closes its
+     * `LightsSession` and cancels any held rumble, so a hot-unplug mid-session frees the session
+     * immediately instead of leaking it until [stop]. A no-op for a device with no cached binding.
+     * The next feedback for that pad index rebinds against whatever controller now holds it.
+     */
+    // Same runtime-guarded cleanup as [stop] (VIBRATE is app-declared; the light bind only exists
+    // under the SDK 33 guard) — suppress the module-isolation lint false positives it re-triggers.
+    @Suppress("MissingPermission", "NewApi")
+    fun onDeviceRemoved(deviceId: Int) {
+        synchronized(bindsLock) {
+            rumbleBinds.remove(deviceId)?.let {
+                runCatching { it.vm?.cancel() }
+                runCatching { it.legacy?.cancel() }
+            }
+            lightBinds.remove(deviceId)?.let { runCatching { it.session.close() } }
+        }
+    }
 
     // ---- Rumble ----
 
     /** The rumble binding for the controller on wire pad [pad], or null (no live pad / no vibrator). Cached by device id. */
     private fun rumbleBindFor(pad: Int): RumbleBind? {
         val dev = router?.deviceForPad(pad) ?: return null
+        synchronized(bindsLock) {
             if (rumbleBinds.containsKey(dev.id)) return rumbleBinds[dev.id]
             val bind = bindRumble(dev)
             rumbleBinds[dev.id] = bind
             return bind
         }
+    }
 
     private fun bindRumble(dev: InputDevice): RumbleBind? {
         if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 31) {
@@ -184,7 +214,13 @@ class GamepadFeedback(private val handle: Long, private val router: GamepadRoute
             }
             val combo = CombinedVibration.startParallel()
             if (bind.amplitudeControlled && bind.ids.size >= 2) {
-                // ids[0] = light/right, ids[1] = heavy/left (XInput/Moonlight convention).
+                // Two-motor split — ASSUMPTION: ids[0] = light/right, ids[1] = heavy/left
+                // (XInput/Moonlight convention). Android does not guarantee the order of
+                // VibratorManager.getVibratorIds(), so a pad that enumerates heavy-first would
+                // invert the feel: the stronger amplitude drives the physically-lighter motor.
+                // Failure mode is tactile only — both motors still fire, nothing silences or
+                // crashes — so this stays the default pending per-pad on-glass verification (G20).
+                // ids beyond the first two (rare) are left alone here.
                 if (hi != 0) combo.addVibrator(bind.ids[0], oneShot(hi, durationMs))
                 if (lo != 0) combo.addVibrator(bind.ids[1], oneShot(lo, durationMs))
             } else {
@@ -217,9 +253,13 @@ class GamepadFeedback(private val handle: Long, private val router: GamepadRoute
     }
 
     // One-shot held for `durationMs` — the host's v2 TTL (renewed while the level holds), so it
-    // self-terminates on a lost stop; cancel on zero.
+    // self-terminates on a lost stop; cancel on zero. Floor the duration at 1 ms: `createOneShot`
+    // throws IllegalArgumentException on a non-positive duration, and a lease can carry ttl_ms==0
+    // (e.g. the legacy-Deck ceiling) with a nonzero amplitude — which reaches here past the (0,0)
+    // stop guard. On the VibratorManager path the effect is built OUTSIDE the vibrate() runCatching,
+    // so an uncaught throw here would kill the whole rumble poll thread.
     private fun oneShot(amp: Int, durationMs: Long): VibrationEffect =
-        VibrationEffect.createOneShot(durationMs, amp)
+        VibrationEffect.createOneShot(durationMs.coerceAtLeast(1), amp)
 
     // ---- HID output ----
 
@@ -268,11 +308,13 @@ class GamepadFeedback(private val handle: Long, private val router: GamepadRoute
     private fun lightBindFor(pad: Int): LightBind? {
         if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < 33) return null
         val dev = router?.deviceForPad(pad) ?: return null
+        synchronized(bindsLock) {
             if (lightBinds.containsKey(dev.id)) return lightBinds[dev.id]
             val bind = bindLights(dev)
             lightBinds[dev.id] = bind
             return bind
         }
+    }
 
     private fun bindLights(dev: InputDevice): LightBind? {
         val lm = dev.lightsManager

clients/android/kit/src/main/kotlin/io/unom/punktfunk/kit/GamepadRouter.kt

@@ -44,6 +44,23 @@ class GamepadRouter(context: Context, private val handle: Long, private val sett
     /** deviceId → slot. Concurrent: the feedback poll threads read it via [deviceForPad]. */
     private val slots = ConcurrentHashMap<Int, Slot>()
 
+    /**
+     * Invoked (main thread) with the deviceId whenever a slot closes — hot-unplug or session teardown.
+     * `StreamScreen` wires this to `GamepadFeedback.onDeviceRemoved` so a disconnected pad's rumble /
+     * lights bindings are released promptly instead of leaking until the feedback threads stop.
+     */
+    var onSlotClosed: ((deviceId: Int) -> Unit)? = null
+
+    /**
+     * Invoked (main thread) when the emergency-exit chord has been HELD for [EXIT_HOLD_MS] — the caller
+     * leaves the stream. `StreamScreen` wires this to the deliberate-quit exit.
+     */
+    var onExitChord: (() -> Unit)? = null
+
+    private val mainHandler = Handler(Looper.getMainLooper())
+    /** The pending exit-chord hold timer, or null when the chord isn't currently armed. */
+    private var pendingExit: Runnable? = null
+
     private val inputManager = context.getSystemService(InputManager::class.java)
     private val listener = object : InputManager.InputDeviceListener {
         override fun onInputDeviceAdded(deviceId: Int) {
@@ -55,7 +72,7 @@ class GamepadRouter(context: Context, private val handle: Long, private val sett
     }
 
     init {
-        inputManager?.registerInputDeviceListener(listener, Handler(Looper.getMainLooper()))
+        inputManager?.registerInputDeviceListener(listener, mainHandler)
         // Open a slot for every controller already connected when the session starts — the pads that
         // will never fire onInputDeviceAdded during this session; their Arrival lands before any input.
         for (id in InputDevice.getDeviceIds()) {
@@ -66,28 +83,55 @@ class GamepadRouter(context: Context, private val handle: Long, private val sett
     /**
      * One gamepad button transition for the device that produced [event] (already resolved to BTN_*
      * bit [bit]). Opens the device's slot (declaring its type) if unseen, forwards the bit on the
-     * slot's pad index, tracks held state, and returns true when this press completed the emergency
-     * stream-exit chord (Select + Start + L1 + R1) on THIS pad — the caller then leaves the stream
-     * (mirrors the Linux client's escape chord: any one controller can leave).
+     * slot's pad index, and tracks held state. Completing the emergency stream-exit chord (Select +
+     * Start + L1 + R1) on any one pad ARMS a [EXIT_HOLD_MS] hold timer rather than leaving instantly;
+     * [onExitChord] fires only if the chord is still held at expiry (a brief accidental brush is
+     * ignored), matching `DISCONNECT_HOLD` on the SDL/Apple clients. Any controller can leave.
      */
-    fun onButton(event: KeyEvent, bit: Int): Boolean {
-        val slot = slotFor(event.device) ?: return false
+    fun onButton(event: KeyEvent, bit: Int) {
+        val slot = slotFor(event.device) ?: return
         when (event.action) {
             KeyEvent.ACTION_DOWN -> {
                 // repeatCount guard: don't re-send a held button as auto-repeat.
                 if (event.repeatCount == 0) NativeBridge.nativeSendGamepadButton(handle, bit, true, slot.index)
                 slot.held = slot.held or bit
-                if (slot.held and EXIT_CHORD == EXIT_CHORD) {
-                    slot.held = 0
-                    return true
-                }
+                // Full chord now held on this pad → start the hold countdown (idempotent while held).
+                if (slot.held and EXIT_CHORD == EXIT_CHORD) armExit()
             }
             KeyEvent.ACTION_UP -> {
                 NativeBridge.nativeSendGamepadButton(handle, bit, false, slot.index)
                 slot.held = slot.held and bit.inv()
+                // A chord button lifted before the hold elapsed → cancel, unless another pad still
+                // holds the full chord.
+                if (bit and EXIT_CHORD != 0 && slots.values.none { it.held and EXIT_CHORD == EXIT_CHORD }) {
+                    disarmExit()
                 }
             }
-        return false
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** Arm the exit-chord hold timer (once); on expiry, if the chord is still held, flush + leave. */
+    private fun armExit() {
+        if (pendingExit != null) return // already counting down
+        val r = Runnable {
+            pendingExit = null
+            // Fire only if the chord survived the full hold on some pad.
+            val held = slots.values.filter { it.held and EXIT_CHORD == EXIT_CHORD }
+            if (held.isNotEmpty()) {
+                // Release the held buttons + zero the axes on every triggering pad so nothing sticks
+                // host-side once we leave, then signal the deliberate exit.
+                for (s in held) releaseHeld(s)
+                onExitChord?.invoke()
+            }
+        }
+        pendingExit = r
+        mainHandler.postDelayed(r, EXIT_HOLD_MS)
+    }
+
+    /** Cancel a pending exit-chord hold timer. */
+    private fun disarmExit() {
+        pendingExit?.let { mainHandler.removeCallbacks(it) }
+        pendingExit = null
     }
 
     /**
@@ -124,6 +168,7 @@ class GamepadRouter(context: Context, private val handle: Long, private val sett
      */
     fun release() {
         inputManager?.unregisterInputDeviceListener(listener)
+        disarmExit() // drop any pending exit-chord timer so it can't fire after teardown
         // Snapshot the ids first — closeSlot mutates the map.
         for (id in slots.keys.toList()) closeSlot(id)
     }
@@ -173,6 +218,10 @@ class GamepadRouter(context: Context, private val handle: Long, private val sett
         val slot = slots.remove(deviceId) ?: return
         releaseHeld(slot)
         NativeBridge.nativeSendGamepadRemove(handle, slot.index)
+        // If this pad was mid-exit-chord, its removal may have left no pad holding it — drop the timer.
+        if (slots.values.none { it.held and EXIT_CHORD == EXIT_CHORD }) disarmExit()
+        // Release this controller's feedback bindings (close its lights session / cancel rumble).
+        onSlotClosed?.invoke(deviceId)
     }
 
     /** Lift every held button + zero the axes/HAT dpad for [slot] (wire events only, all on its index). */
@@ -200,5 +249,8 @@ class GamepadRouter(context: Context, private val handle: Long, private val sett
 
         /** Emergency stream-exit chord: Select + Start + L1 + R1 held together (matches the legacy single-pad chord). */
         const val EXIT_CHORD = Gamepad.BTN_BACK or Gamepad.BTN_START or Gamepad.BTN_LB or Gamepad.BTN_RB
+
+        /** How long the exit chord must be held before the stream leaves — matches SDL/Apple `DISCONNECT_HOLD`. */
+        const val EXIT_HOLD_MS = 1500L
     }
 }

clients/apple/Sources/PunktfunkKit/Gamepad/GamepadCapture.swift

@@ -257,7 +257,12 @@ public final class GamepadCapture {
     /// tagged with the slot's wire pad index.
     private func sync(_ slot: Slot, _ g: GCExtendedGamepad) {
         guard !suspended else { return }
-        let newButtons = Self.buttonMask(g)
+        // guide is driven separately (`sendGuide`, off the Home handler) and deliberately kept out
+        // of `buttonMask`. Preserve its current held state here so the XOR diff below never sees it
+        // as "changed" — otherwise the first stick/button move after a guide press would emit a
+        // spurious guide-UP while the button is still physically held (and drop the bit from
+        // `slot.buttons`, swallowing the real release too). `flush`/`allButtons` still release it.
+        let newButtons = Self.buttonMask(g) | (slot.buttons & GamepadWire.guide)
         let changed = newButtons ^ slot.buttons
         if changed != 0 {
             for bit in GamepadWire.allButtons where changed & bit != 0 {
@@ -266,12 +271,12 @@ public final class GamepadCapture {
             slot.buttons = newButtons
         }
         let newAxes: [Int32] = [
-            Int32((g.leftThumbstick.xAxis.value * 32767).rounded()),
-            Int32((g.leftThumbstick.yAxis.value * 32767).rounded()),
-            Int32((g.rightThumbstick.xAxis.value * 32767).rounded()),
-            Int32((g.rightThumbstick.yAxis.value * 32767).rounded()),
-            Int32((g.leftTrigger.value * 255).rounded()),
-            Int32((g.rightTrigger.value * 255).rounded()),
+            Int32(g.leftThumbstick.xAxis.value * 32767),
+            Int32(g.leftThumbstick.yAxis.value * 32767),
+            Int32(g.rightThumbstick.xAxis.value * 32767),
+            Int32(g.rightThumbstick.yAxis.value * 32767),
+            Int32(g.leftTrigger.value * 255),
+            Int32(g.rightTrigger.value * 255),
         ]
         for (i, v) in newAxes.enumerated() where v != slot.axes[i] {
             connection.send(.gamepadAxis(UInt32(i), value: v, pad: slot.pad))
@@ -300,11 +305,15 @@ public final class GamepadCapture {
         if g.dpad.right.isPressed { b |= GamepadWire.dpadRight }
         if g.buttonMenu.isPressed { b |= GamepadWire.start }
         if g.buttonOptions?.isPressed == true { b |= GamepadWire.back }
-        // The share/create/capture element (Xbox Series share, a clone pad's screenshot button —
-        // e.g. the GameSir G8's, below its d-pad) folds into back/select too. On pads that expose
-        // the create button BOTH as buttonOptions and as the share element this OR is harmless —
-        // same wire bit.
-        if g.buttons[GCInputButtonShare]?.isPressed == true { b |= GamepadWire.back }
+        // The dedicated share/create/capture element (Xbox-Series Share, DualSense Create, a clone
+        // pad's screenshot button — e.g. the GameSir G8's, below its d-pad) → the wire's capture
+        // bit, matching the Rust client's `Button::Misc1 => wire::BTN_MISC1`. On an Xbox-Series pad
+        // this is a button physically DISTINCT from View (buttonOptions, above), so it must not
+        // collapse onto back — the host reads MISC1 as its own control (DualSense mute / Steam
+        // quick-access). Caveat: a pad that surfaces ONE physical button as both buttonOptions and
+        // this share element now emits back+misc1 for it — harmless on a plain xpad session (no
+        // misc button) and rare otherwise. NOTE: on-glass verify on a real Xbox-Series pad.
+        if g.buttons[GCInputButtonShare]?.isPressed == true { b |= GamepadWire.misc1 }
         if g.leftThumbstickButton?.isPressed == true { b |= GamepadWire.leftStickClick }
         if g.rightThumbstickButton?.isPressed == true { b |= GamepadWire.rightStickClick }
         if g.leftShoulder.isPressed { b |= GamepadWire.leftShoulder }

clients/apple/Sources/PunktfunkKit/Gamepad/GamepadMenuInput.swift

@@ -140,7 +140,9 @@ public final class GamepadMenuInput {
         let stick = gamepad.leftThumbstick
         let x = stick.xAxis.value
         let y = stick.yAxis.value
-        if abs(x) > abs(y), abs(x) > deadzone {
+        // Horizontal wins an exact |x| == |y| diagonal tie (>=), matching the SDL core and Android
+        // nav so a perfect 45° push resolves to the same direction on every client.
+        if abs(x) >= abs(y), abs(x) > deadzone {
             return x > 0 ? .right : .left
         } else if abs(y) > deadzone {
             return y > 0 ? .up : .down

clients/apple/Sources/PunktfunkKit/Gamepad/GamepadWire.swift

@@ -26,11 +26,27 @@ public enum GamepadWire {
     public static let y: UInt32 = 0x8000
     /// DualSense touchpad click (Moonlight's extended-button bit position).
     public static let touchpadClick: UInt32 = 0x10_0000
+    /// Misc / capture button — Xbox-Series Share, DualSense Create, Steam-Deck quick-access
+    /// (Moonlight's extended-button namespace; `input::gamepad::BTN_MISC1`). The host routes it to
+    /// the DualSense mute / Steam quick-access menu; a plain virtual xpad has no such button.
+    public static let misc1: UInt32 = 0x0020_0000
+    /// Back-grip paddles (Xbox Elite P1–P4 / DualSense Edge / Steam-Deck L4-L5-R4-R5), in
+    /// Moonlight's extended-button namespace (`input::gamepad::BTN_PADDLE1..4`, R4/L4/R5/L5).
+    /// Defined for wire completeness and pinned by the tests; `GamepadCapture.buttonMask` does not
+    /// read them yet — the GameController `paddleButton1..4` ↔ BTN_PADDLE physical correspondence
+    /// needs confirming on a real Elite pad first (see the gamepad-review-cleanup plan, G22), so
+    /// they are intentionally absent from `allButtons` until that forwarding lands.
+    public static let paddle1: UInt32 = 0x0001_0000
+    public static let paddle2: UInt32 = 0x0002_0000
+    public static let paddle3: UInt32 = 0x0004_0000
+    public static let paddle4: UInt32 = 0x0008_0000
 
+    /// Every button `buttonMask`/`sendGuide` can set — walked by `sync`'s transition diff and by
+    /// `flush` on release. Paddles are excluded until their capture lands (see above).
     public static let allButtons: [UInt32] = [
         dpadUp, dpadDown, dpadLeft, dpadRight, start, back,
         leftStickClick, rightStickClick, leftShoulder, rightShoulder, guide,
-        a, b, x, y, touchpadClick,
+        a, b, x, y, touchpadClick, misc1,
     ]
 
     public static let axisLSX: UInt32 = 0

clients/apple/Tests/PunktfunkKitTests/GamepadWireTests.swift

@@ -27,11 +27,16 @@ final class GamepadWireTests: XCTestCase {
         XCTAssertEqual(GamepadWire.x, 0x4000)
         XCTAssertEqual(GamepadWire.y, 0x8000)
         XCTAssertEqual(GamepadWire.touchpadClick, 0x10_0000)
+        XCTAssertEqual(GamepadWire.misc1, 0x0020_0000)
         // Every button is enumerated exactly once (releaseAll walks this list).
         let combined: UInt32 = GamepadWire.allButtons.reduce(0) { $0 | $1 }
-        XCTAssertEqual(combined, 0x0010_F7FF)
-        XCTAssertEqual(GamepadWire.allButtons.count, 16)
+        XCTAssertEqual(combined, 0x0030_F7FF)
+        XCTAssertEqual(GamepadWire.allButtons.count, 17)
         XCTAssertEqual(GamepadWire.allButtons.count, Set(GamepadWire.allButtons).count)
+        // Paddles are defined but not yet forwarded, so they stay out of allButtons for now.
+        for paddle in [GamepadWire.paddle1, GamepadWire.paddle2, GamepadWire.paddle3, GamepadWire.paddle4] {
+            XCTAssertFalse(GamepadWire.allButtons.contains(paddle))
+        }
         // Axis ids.
         XCTAssertEqual(GamepadWire.axisLSX, 0)
         XCTAssertEqual(GamepadWire.axisLSY, 1)
@@ -41,6 +46,42 @@ final class GamepadWireTests: XCTestCase {
         XCTAssertEqual(GamepadWire.axisRT, 5)
     }
 
+    func testButtonBitsMatchTheCABIVerbatim() {
+        // Assert EVERY wire constant against the generated C ABI header (punktfunk_core.h, the same
+        // source `punktfunk_core::input::gamepad` emits), so a Swift-side edit that drifts from the
+        // Rust contract fails CI — not just the handful spot-checked above. (Cross-cutting review
+        // finding G15: the button values were re-declared per client with only a 3-of-19 check.)
+        XCTAssertEqual(GamepadWire.dpadUp, UInt32(PUNKTFUNK_BTN_DPAD_UP))
+        XCTAssertEqual(GamepadWire.dpadDown, UInt32(PUNKTFUNK_BTN_DPAD_DOWN))
+        XCTAssertEqual(GamepadWire.dpadLeft, UInt32(PUNKTFUNK_BTN_DPAD_LEFT))
+        XCTAssertEqual(GamepadWire.dpadRight, UInt32(PUNKTFUNK_BTN_DPAD_RIGHT))
+        XCTAssertEqual(GamepadWire.start, UInt32(PUNKTFUNK_BTN_START))
+        XCTAssertEqual(GamepadWire.back, UInt32(PUNKTFUNK_BTN_BACK))
+        XCTAssertEqual(GamepadWire.leftStickClick, UInt32(PUNKTFUNK_BTN_LS_CLICK))
+        XCTAssertEqual(GamepadWire.rightStickClick, UInt32(PUNKTFUNK_BTN_RS_CLICK))
+        XCTAssertEqual(GamepadWire.leftShoulder, UInt32(PUNKTFUNK_BTN_LB))
+        XCTAssertEqual(GamepadWire.rightShoulder, UInt32(PUNKTFUNK_BTN_RB))
+        XCTAssertEqual(GamepadWire.guide, UInt32(PUNKTFUNK_BTN_GUIDE))
+        XCTAssertEqual(GamepadWire.a, UInt32(PUNKTFUNK_BTN_A))
+        XCTAssertEqual(GamepadWire.b, UInt32(PUNKTFUNK_BTN_B))
+        XCTAssertEqual(GamepadWire.x, UInt32(PUNKTFUNK_BTN_X))
+        XCTAssertEqual(GamepadWire.y, UInt32(PUNKTFUNK_BTN_Y))
+        XCTAssertEqual(GamepadWire.touchpadClick, UInt32(PUNKTFUNK_BTN_TOUCHPAD))
+        XCTAssertEqual(GamepadWire.misc1, UInt32(PUNKTFUNK_GAMEPAD_BTN_MISC1))
+        XCTAssertEqual(GamepadWire.paddle1, UInt32(PUNKTFUNK_GAMEPAD_BTN_PADDLE1))
+        XCTAssertEqual(GamepadWire.paddle2, UInt32(PUNKTFUNK_GAMEPAD_BTN_PADDLE2))
+        XCTAssertEqual(GamepadWire.paddle3, UInt32(PUNKTFUNK_GAMEPAD_BTN_PADDLE3))
+        XCTAssertEqual(GamepadWire.paddle4, UInt32(PUNKTFUNK_GAMEPAD_BTN_PADDLE4))
+        // Axis ids and pad count share the same header.
+        XCTAssertEqual(GamepadWire.axisLSX, UInt32(PUNKTFUNK_AXIS_LS_X))
+        XCTAssertEqual(GamepadWire.axisLSY, UInt32(PUNKTFUNK_AXIS_LS_Y))
+        XCTAssertEqual(GamepadWire.axisRSX, UInt32(PUNKTFUNK_AXIS_RS_X))
+        XCTAssertEqual(GamepadWire.axisRSY, UInt32(PUNKTFUNK_AXIS_RS_Y))
+        XCTAssertEqual(GamepadWire.axisLT, UInt32(PUNKTFUNK_AXIS_LT))
+        XCTAssertEqual(GamepadWire.axisRT, UInt32(PUNKTFUNK_AXIS_RT))
+        XCTAssertEqual(GamepadWire.maxPads, Int(MAX_PADS))
+    }
+
     func testPadIndexRidesFlagsOnEveryPerPadEvent() {
         // The wire pad index is the low byte of `flags` (punktfunk_core::input) on button + axis.
         let btn = PunktfunkInputEvent.gamepadButton(GamepadWire.a, down: true, pad: 3)

clients/windows/Cargo.toml

@@ -62,10 +62,10 @@ windows = { git = "https://github.com/microsoft/windows-rs", rev = "a4f7b2cb7c63
 # decode + present live in the spawned punktfunk-session binary.)
 ffmpeg-next = "8"
 
-# Gamepads: capture + feedback (full DualSense fidelity needs hidapi). SDL3 is cross-platform;
-# built from source via the bundled CMake on Windows (no system SDL3).
-sdl3 = { version = "0.18", features = ["build-from-source", "hidapi"] }
-
+# Gamepad enumeration + pin persistence for Settings runs on pf-client-core's shared SDL service
+# (see the `gamepad` field in app/); the spawned punktfunk-session does the actual forwarding. SDL3
+# itself (built from source via the bundled CMake on Windows) is pulled transitively by
+# pf-client-core with the same `build-from-source,hidapi` features, so it is not a direct dep here.
 mdns-sd = "0.20"
 async-channel = "2"
 serde = { version = "1", features = ["derive"] }

clients/windows/src/app/mod.rs

@@ -32,9 +32,9 @@ mod stream;
 mod style;
 
 use crate::discovery::{self, DiscoveredHost};
-use crate::gamepad::GamepadService;
 use crate::trust::{KnownHosts, Settings};
 use hosts::HostsProps;
+use pf_client_core::gamepad::GamepadService;
 use punktfunk_core::client::NativeClient;
 use speed::{SpeedProps, SpeedState};
 use std::collections::HashMap;

clients/windows/src/gamepad.rs

@@ -1,629 +0,0 @@
-//! App-lifetime gamepad service over SDL3 (mirrors the Swift/GTK clients' `GamepadManager` +
-//! capture/feedback). Ported near-verbatim from the GTK Linux client — SDL3 is cross-platform,
-//! so the only Windows change is the build (`sdl3` is compiled from source via the bundled
-//! CMake, since there is no system SDL3).
-//!
-//! One worker thread owns SDL for the process lifetime: it tracks connected pads, selects the
-//! ONE controller forwarded as pad 0 (user pin, else the most recently connected), and — while
-//! a session is attached — forwards buttons/axes, DualSense touchpad contacts and motion
-//! samples (0xCC), and renders feedback: rumble on every pad, lightbar via SDL, and on a real
-//! DualSense the raw effects packet (adaptive-trigger blocks replayed verbatim, player LEDs).
-//! Held state is zeroed on the wire when the active pad switches or the session detaches, so
-//! nothing sticks down.
-//!
-//! This thread is also the single consumer of the rumble and HID-output pull planes.
-
-use punktfunk_core::client::NativeClient;
-use punktfunk_core::config::GamepadPref;
-use punktfunk_core::input::{gamepad as wire, InputEvent, InputKind};
-use punktfunk_core::quic::{HidOutput, RichInput};
-use std::collections::HashMap;
-use std::sync::mpsc::{Receiver, Sender};
-use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
-use std::time::Duration;
-
-/// Motion scale constants, shared convention with the other clients (`GamepadWire`): derived
-/// from hid-playstation's math over the host's fixed calibration blob. SDL hands us gyro in
-/// rad/s and accel in m/s²; the DualSense report wants raw LSBs.
-const GYRO_LSB_PER_RAD_S: f32 = 20.0 * 180.0 / std::f32::consts::PI;
-const ACCEL_LSB_PER_G: f32 = 10_000.0;
-const G: f32 = 9.80665;
-
-#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
-pub struct PadInfo {
-    /// Stable identity (`vid:pid:name`, the same format as `pf-client-core`'s `PadInfo::key`)
-    /// — persisted as `Settings::forward_pad` so the pin survives restarts AND reaches the
-    /// spawned session binary, whose own gamepad service applies the same key.
-    pub key: String,
-    pub name: String,
-    /// The virtual pad "Automatic" resolves to for this physical controller (DualSense → DualSense,
-    /// DS4 → DualShock 4, Xbox One/Series → Xbox One, else → Xbox 360).
-    pub pref: GamepadPref,
-}
-
-impl PadInfo {
-    /// True for a real DualSense — the only pad whose lightbar / player-LED / adaptive-trigger
-    /// feedback we replay as raw DS5 HID effect packets (a DS4 uses SDL's generic `set_led`).
-    fn is_dualsense(&self) -> bool {
-        self.pref == GamepadPref::DualSense
-    }
-
-    /// A short human label for the detected pad family, shown next to the name in the settings
-    /// GUI's controller list ("" for a generic pad the name already describes).
-    pub fn kind_label(&self) -> &'static str {
-        match self.pref {
-            GamepadPref::DualSense => "DualSense",
-            GamepadPref::DualShock4 => "DualShock 4",
-            GamepadPref::XboxOne => "Xbox One",
-            GamepadPref::SteamDeck => "Steam Deck",
-            GamepadPref::SteamController => "Steam Controller",
-            _ => "",
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// Map the SDL-reported controller type to the virtual pad we'd ask the host to create.
-fn pref_for_type(t: sdl3::gamepad::GamepadType) -> GamepadPref {
-    use sdl3::gamepad::GamepadType as T;
-    match t {
-        T::PS5 => GamepadPref::DualSense,
-        T::PS4 => GamepadPref::DualShock4,
-        T::XboxOne => GamepadPref::XboxOne,
-        _ => GamepadPref::Xbox360,
-    }
-}
-
-enum Ctl {
-    Pin(Option<String>),
-}
-
-#[derive(Clone)]
-pub struct GamepadService {
-    pads: Arc<Mutex<Vec<PadInfo>>>,
-    // `Arc<Mutex<…>>` (not a bare `Sender`, which is `!Sync`) so the service is `Sync` — the
-    // WinUI app shares it across the UI thread and the settings-pin path.
-    ctl: Arc<Mutex<Sender<Ctl>>>,
-}
-
-impl GamepadService {
-    pub fn start() -> GamepadService {
-        let pads = Arc::new(Mutex::new(Vec::new()));
-        let (ctl, ctl_rx) = std::sync::mpsc::channel();
-        let p = pads.clone();
-        if let Err(e) = std::thread::Builder::new()
-            .name("punktfunk-gamepad".into())
-            .spawn(move || {
-                if let Err(e) = run(&p, &ctl_rx) {
-                    tracing::warn!(error = %e, "gamepad service ended — pads disabled");
-                }
-            })
-        {
-            tracing::warn!(error = %e, "gamepad service failed to start");
-        }
-        GamepadService {
-            pads,
-            ctl: Arc::new(Mutex::new(ctl)),
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Connected controllers, most recently attached first (the settings GUI's list order).
-    pub fn pads(&self) -> Vec<PadInfo> {
-        self.pads.lock().unwrap().clone()
-    }
-
-    /// Pin the forwarded controller by stable key (`PadInfo::key`) — `None` = automatic.
-    /// The pin survives the pad disconnecting: it re-applies the moment a matching
-    /// controller shows up again (same semantics as `pf-client-core`'s service). The spawned
-    /// `punktfunk-session` binary owns the actual forwarding; this persists the selection.
-    pub fn set_pinned(&self, key: Option<String>) {
-        let _ = self.ctl.lock().unwrap().send(Ctl::Pin(key));
-    }
-}
-
-fn send(connector: &NativeClient, kind: InputKind, code: u32, x: i32) {
-    let _ = connector.send_input(&InputEvent {
-        kind,
-        _pad: [0; 3],
-        code,
-        x,
-        y: 0,
-        flags: 0, // pad index 0 — single-pad model
-    });
-}
-
-fn button_bit(b: sdl3::gamepad::Button) -> Option<u32> {
-    use sdl3::gamepad::Button;
-    Some(match b {
-        Button::South => wire::BTN_A,
-        Button::East => wire::BTN_B,
-        Button::West => wire::BTN_X,
-        Button::North => wire::BTN_Y,
-        Button::Back => wire::BTN_BACK,
-        Button::Start => wire::BTN_START,
-        Button::Guide => wire::BTN_GUIDE,
-        Button::LeftStick => wire::BTN_LS_CLICK,
-        Button::RightStick => wire::BTN_RS_CLICK,
-        Button::LeftShoulder => wire::BTN_LB,
-        Button::RightShoulder => wire::BTN_RB,
-        Button::DPadUp => wire::BTN_DPAD_UP,
-        Button::DPadDown => wire::BTN_DPAD_DOWN,
-        Button::DPadLeft => wire::BTN_DPAD_LEFT,
-        Button::DPadRight => wire::BTN_DPAD_RIGHT,
-        Button::Touchpad => wire::BTN_TOUCHPAD,
-        // Back grips / paddles (Steam Deck L4/L5/R4/R5, Xbox Elite P1–P4) + the misc/Share button.
-        // PADDLE1/2/3/4 = R4/L4/R5/L5 (see the host `input::gamepad`).
-        Button::RightPaddle1 => wire::BTN_PADDLE1,
-        Button::LeftPaddle1 => wire::BTN_PADDLE2,
-        Button::RightPaddle2 => wire::BTN_PADDLE3,
-        Button::LeftPaddle2 => wire::BTN_PADDLE4,
-        Button::Misc1 => wire::BTN_MISC1,
-        _ => return None,
-    })
-}
-
-/// SDL axis → (wire axis id, wire value). SDL sticks are +y = down; the wire (XInput
-/// convention) is +y = up. SDL triggers span 0..32767; the wire wants 0..255.
-fn axis_value(axis: sdl3::gamepad::Axis, v: i16) -> (u32, i32) {
-    use sdl3::gamepad::Axis;
-    match axis {
-        Axis::LeftX => (wire::AXIS_LS_X, v as i32),
-        Axis::LeftY => (wire::AXIS_LS_Y, -(v as i32).max(-32767)),
-        Axis::RightX => (wire::AXIS_RS_X, v as i32),
-        Axis::RightY => (wire::AXIS_RS_Y, -(v as i32).max(-32767)),
-        Axis::TriggerLeft => (wire::AXIS_LT, (v as i32).clamp(0, 32767) >> 7),
-        Axis::TriggerRight => (wire::AXIS_RT, (v as i32).clamp(0, 32767) >> 7),
-    }
-}
-
-/// The DualSense effects packet (SDL `DS5EffectsState_t`, 47 bytes) — the same layout the host
-/// parses off its virtual pad; the wire's 11-byte trigger blocks drop in verbatim. Enable bits
-/// select only the fields each update touches, so rumble (driven separately through SDL) and
-/// untouched fields keep their state.
-#[derive(Default)]
-struct Ds5Feedback;
-
-impl Ds5Feedback {
-    const RIGHT_TRIGGER: usize = 10;
-    const LEFT_TRIGGER: usize = 21;
-    const PAD_LIGHTS: usize = 43;
-    const LED_RGB: usize = 44;
-
-    fn trigger_packet(which: u8, effect: &[u8]) -> [u8; 47] {
-        let mut p = [0u8; 47];
-        let (flag, off) = if which == 1 {
-            (0x04, Self::RIGHT_TRIGGER)
-        } else {
-            (0x08, Self::LEFT_TRIGGER)
-        };
-        p[0] = flag;
-        let n = effect.len().min(11);
-        p[off..off + n].copy_from_slice(&effect[..n]);
-        p
-    }
-
-    fn lightbar_packet(r: u8, g: u8, b: u8) -> [u8; 47] {
-        let mut p = [0u8; 47];
-        p[1] = 0x04; // lightbar enable
-        p[Self::LED_RGB] = r;
-        p[Self::LED_RGB + 1] = g;
-        p[Self::LED_RGB + 2] = b;
-        p
-    }
-
-    fn player_packet(bits: u8) -> [u8; 47] {
-        let mut p = [0u8; 47];
-        p[1] = 0x10; // player-LED enable
-        p[Self::PAD_LIGHTS] = bits & 0x1F;
-        p
-    }
-}
-
-struct Worker {
-    subsystem: sdl3::GamepadSubsystem,
-    opened: HashMap<u32, sdl3::gamepad::Gamepad>,
-    /// Connection order; the most recently connected is the auto selection.
-    order: Vec<u32>,
-    /// The user pin by stable key (`PadInfo::key`); resolved to an instance id per lookup
-    /// so it re-applies whenever a matching pad (re)connects.
-    pinned: Option<String>,
-    attached: Option<Arc<NativeClient>>,
-    /// Wire state of the active pad — zeroed on the wire at switch/detach.
-    last_axis: [i32; 6],
-    held_buttons: Vec<u32>,
-    /// Touchpad contacts the host believes are down, keyed by `(surface, finger)` — lifted on pad
-    /// switch / detach. surface 0 = the legacy single touchpad, 1/2 = a Steam left/right pad.
-    held_touches: std::collections::HashSet<(u8, u8)>,
-    last_accel: [i16; 3],
-}
-
-impl Worker {
-    fn active_id(&self) -> Option<u32> {
-        self.pinned
-            .as_deref()
-            .and_then(|key| {
-                self.order
-                    .iter()
-                    .rev() // prefer the most recently connected pad with this identity
-                    .find(|&&id| self.pad_info(id).is_some_and(|p| p.key == key))
-                    .copied()
-            })
-            .or_else(|| self.order.last().copied())
-    }
-
-    fn pad_info(&self, id: u32) -> Option<PadInfo> {
-        let pad = self.opened.get(&id)?;
-        let mut pref = pref_for_type(
-            self.subsystem
-                .type_for_id(sdl3::sys::joystick::SDL_JoystickID(id)),
-        );
-        let (vid, pid) = (pad.vendor_id().unwrap_or(0), pad.product_id().unwrap_or(0));
-        // No SDL type for the Steam Deck / Steam Controller — detect Valve by VID/PID (Deck 0x1205,
-        // SC wired 0x1102, SC dongle 0x1142) so the host builds the virtual hid-steam pad.
-        if vid == 0x28DE && matches!(pid, 0x1205 | 0x1102 | 0x1142) {
-            pref = GamepadPref::SteamDeck;
-        }
-        let name = pad.name().unwrap_or_else(|| "Controller".into());
-        Some(PadInfo {
-            // Must match pf-client-core's `PadInfo::key` byte-for-byte — the persisted
-            // `forward_pad` is applied by BOTH services (this one and the session's).
-            key: format!("{vid:04x}:{pid:04x}:{name}"),
-            name,
-            pref,
-        })
-    }
-
-    /// Zero everything the host believes is held — on pad switch and detach.
-    fn flush_held(&mut self) {
-        if let Some(c) = &self.attached {
-            for b in self.held_buttons.drain(..) {
-                send(c, InputKind::GamepadButton, b, 0);
-            }
-            for (id, v) in self.last_axis.iter_mut().enumerate() {
-                if *v != 0 && *v != i32::MIN {
-                    send(c, InputKind::GamepadAxis, id as u32, 0);
-                }
-                *v = i32::MIN;
-            }
-            for (surface, finger) in self.held_touches.drain() {
-                let rich = if surface == 0 {
-                    RichInput::Touchpad {
-                        pad: 0,
-                        finger,
-                        active: false,
-                        x: 0,
-                        y: 0,
-                    }
-                } else {
-                    RichInput::TouchpadEx {
-                        pad: 0,
-                        surface,
-                        finger,
-                        touch: false,
-                        click: false,
-                        x: 0,
-                        y: 0,
-                        pressure: 0,
-                    }
-                };
-                let _ = c.send_rich_input(rich);
-            }
-        } else {
-            self.held_buttons.clear();
-            self.last_axis = [i32::MIN; 6];
-            self.held_touches.clear();
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Sensors stream only while a session wants them (they cost USB/BT bandwidth).
-    fn set_sensors(&mut self, enabled: bool) {
-        let Some(id) = self.active_id() else { return };
-        if let Some(pad) = self.opened.get_mut(&id) {
-            use sdl3::sensor::SensorType;
-            for s in [SensorType::Gyroscope, SensorType::Accelerometer] {
-                if unsafe { pad.has_sensor(s) } {
-                    let _ = pad.sensor_set_enabled(s, enabled);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Forward one touchpad contact on the rich-input plane. A multi-touchpad pad (Steam Deck / Steam
-    /// Controller) sends `TouchpadEx` with the surface (SDL touchpad 0 = left → 1, 1 = right → 2) and
-    /// signed coordinates; a single-touchpad pad (DualSense) keeps the legacy `Touchpad` (unsigned).
-    fn forward_touch(
-        &mut self,
-        which: u32,
-        touchpad: u32,
-        finger: u8,
-        x: f32,
-        y: f32,
-        active: bool,
-    ) {
-        let Some(c) = self.attached.as_ref() else {
-            return;
-        };
-        let multi = self
-            .opened
-            .get(&which)
-            .map(|p| p.touchpads_count() >= 2)
-            .unwrap_or(false);
-        let (cx, cy) = (x.clamp(0.0, 1.0), y.clamp(0.0, 1.0));
-        let surface = if multi { (touchpad as u8) + 1 } else { 0 };
-        let rich = if multi {
-            RichInput::TouchpadEx {
-                pad: 0,
-                surface,
-                finger,
-                touch: active,
-                click: false,
-                x: (cx * 65535.0 - 32768.0) as i16,
-                y: (cy * 65535.0 - 32768.0) as i16,
-                pressure: 0,
-            }
-        } else {
-            RichInput::Touchpad {
-                pad: 0,
-                finger,
-                active,
-                x: (cx * 65535.0) as u16,
-                y: (cy * 65535.0) as u16,
-            }
-        };
-        let _ = c.send_rich_input(rich);
-        if active {
-            self.held_touches.insert((surface, finger));
-        } else {
-            self.held_touches.remove(&(surface, finger));
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-#[allow(clippy::too_many_lines)]
-fn run(pads_out: &Mutex<Vec<PadInfo>>, ctl: &Receiver<Ctl>) -> Result<(), String> {
-    // Off-main-thread + no video subsystem: keep SDL away from signals, poll pads on its own
-    // thread.
-    sdl3::hint::set("SDL_NO_SIGNAL_HANDLERS", "1");
-    sdl3::hint::set("SDL_JOYSTICK_THREAD", "1");
-    // Let SDL's HIDAPI drivers open Valve Steam Controller / Steam Deck devices directly, so the
-    // paddles, both trackpads, and gyro arrive as first-class SDL gamepad inputs.
-    sdl3::hint::set("SDL_JOYSTICK_HIDAPI_STEAMDECK", "1");
-    sdl3::hint::set("SDL_JOYSTICK_HIDAPI_STEAM", "1");
-    let sdl = sdl3::init().map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
-    let subsystem = sdl.gamepad().map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
-    let mut pump = sdl.event_pump().map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
-
-    let mut w = Worker {
-        subsystem,
-        opened: HashMap::new(),
-        order: Vec::new(),
-        pinned: None,
-        attached: None,
-        last_axis: [i32::MIN; 6],
-        held_buttons: Vec::new(),
-        held_touches: std::collections::HashSet::new(),
-        last_accel: [0; 3],
-    };
-
-    let publish = |w: &Worker| {
-        let mut list: Vec<PadInfo> = w.order.iter().filter_map(|&id| w.pad_info(id)).collect();
-        list.reverse(); // most recent first — the Settings list order
-        *pads_out.lock().unwrap() = list;
-    };
-
-    loop {
-        // Control plane from the UI thread.
-        loop {
-            match ctl.try_recv() {
-                Ok(Ctl::Pin(key)) => {
-                    let before = w.active_id();
-                    w.pinned = key;
-                    if w.active_id() != before {
-                        w.flush_held();
-                        if w.attached.is_some() {
-                            w.set_sensors(true);
-                        }
-                    }
-                    publish(&w);
-                }
-                Err(std::sync::mpsc::TryRecvError::Empty) => break,
-                Err(std::sync::mpsc::TryRecvError::Disconnected) => return Ok(()), // app gone
-            }
-        }
-
-        while let Some(event) = pump.poll_event() {
-            use sdl3::event::Event;
-            let active = w.active_id();
-            match event {
-                Event::ControllerDeviceAdded { which, .. } => {
-                    if !w.opened.contains_key(&which) {
-                        match w.subsystem.open(sdl3::sys::joystick::SDL_JoystickID(which)) {
-                            Ok(pad) => {
-                                tracing::info!(
-                                    name = pad.name().unwrap_or_default(),
-                                    "gamepad attached"
-                                );
-                                w.opened.insert(which, pad);
-                                w.order.push(which);
-                                if w.attached.is_some() && w.active_id() == Some(which) {
-                                    w.set_sensors(true);
-                                }
-                                publish(&w);
-                            }
-                            Err(e) => tracing::warn!(error = %e, "gamepad open failed"),
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-                Event::ControllerDeviceRemoved { which, .. } => {
-                    if w.opened.remove(&which).is_some() {
-                        w.order.retain(|&id| id != which);
-                        if active == Some(which) {
-                            w.flush_held();
-                        }
-                        tracing::info!("gamepad detached");
-                        publish(&w);
-                    }
-                }
-                Event::ControllerButtonDown { which, button, .. }
-                    if active == Some(which) && w.attached.is_some() =>
-                {
-                    if let Some(bit) = button_bit(button) {
-                        w.held_buttons.push(bit);
-                        send(
-                            w.attached.as_ref().unwrap(),
-                            InputKind::GamepadButton,
-                            bit,
-                            1,
-                        );
-                    }
-                }
-                Event::ControllerButtonUp { which, button, .. }
-                    if active == Some(which) && w.attached.is_some() =>
-                {
-                    if let Some(bit) = button_bit(button) {
-                        w.held_buttons.retain(|&b| b != bit);
-                        send(
-                            w.attached.as_ref().unwrap(),
-                            InputKind::GamepadButton,
-                            bit,
-                            0,
-                        );
-                    }
-                }
-                Event::ControllerAxisMotion {
-                    which, axis, value, ..
-                } if active == Some(which) && w.attached.is_some() => {
-                    let (id, v) = axis_value(axis, value);
-                    if w.last_axis[id as usize] != v {
-                        w.last_axis[id as usize] = v;
-                        send(w.attached.as_ref().unwrap(), InputKind::GamepadAxis, id, v);
-                    }
-                }
-                // Touchpad contacts → the rich-input plane. One pad (DualSense) keeps the legacy
-                // `Touchpad`; two pads (Steam Deck / Steam Controller) send `TouchpadEx` per surface.
-                Event::ControllerTouchpadDown {
-                    which,
-                    touchpad,
-                    finger,
-                    x,
-                    y,
-                    ..
-                }
-                | Event::ControllerTouchpadMotion {
-                    which,
-                    touchpad,
-                    finger,
-                    x,
-                    y,
-                    ..
-                } if active == Some(which) && w.attached.is_some() => {
-                    w.forward_touch(which, touchpad as u32, finger as u8, x, y, true);
-                }
-                Event::ControllerTouchpadUp {
-                    which,
-                    touchpad,
-                    finger,
-                    x,
-                    y,
-                    ..
-                } if active == Some(which) && w.attached.is_some() => {
-                    w.forward_touch(which, touchpad as u32, finger as u8, x, y, false);
-                }
-                // Motion: accel events update the cache; each gyro event ships a sample (the
-                // DualSense reports both at ~250 Hz). Scale convention shared with the other
-                // clients — sign/scale derived, not yet live-verified.
-                Event::ControllerSensorUpdated {
-                    which,
-                    sensor,
-                    data,
-                    ..
-                } if active == Some(which) && w.attached.is_some() => {
-                    use sdl3::sensor::SensorType;
-                    match sensor {
-                        SensorType::Accelerometer => {
-                            for (i, v) in data.iter().enumerate() {
-                                w.last_accel[i] =
-                                    (v / G * ACCEL_LSB_PER_G).clamp(-32768.0, 32767.0) as i16;
-                            }
-                        }
-                        SensorType::Gyroscope => {
-                            let mut gyro = [0i16; 3];
-                            for (i, v) in data.iter().enumerate() {
-                                gyro[i] = (v * GYRO_LSB_PER_RAD_S).clamp(-32768.0, 32767.0) as i16;
-                            }
-                            let _ =
-                                w.attached
-                                    .as_ref()
-                                    .unwrap()
-                                    .send_rich_input(RichInput::Motion {
-                                        pad: 0,
-                                        gyro,
-                                        accel: w.last_accel,
-                                    });
-                        }
-                        _ => {}
-                    }
-                }
-                _ => {}
-            }
-        }
-
-        // Feedback planes (this thread is their single consumer). Rumble arrives as
-        // self-terminating v2 envelopes: the host renews an active level and lets an abandoned one
-        // lapse, so the SDL duration is the host's TTL — a lost stop (or a dead host) self-silences
-        // at the lease instead of droning. A legacy host (`ttl == None`) sends no lease → keep the
-        // proven 5 s duration and rely on its periodic re-send as before.
-        if let Some(connector) = w.attached.clone() {
-            while let Ok((pad, low, high, ttl)) = connector.next_rumble_ttl(Duration::ZERO) {
-                if pad == 0 {
-                    // Floor the lease so a jittered renewal can't gap the actuator between writes.
-                    let dur_ms = ttl.map_or(5_000, |ms| (ms as u32).max(240));
-                    if let Some(p) = w.active_id().and_then(|id| w.opened.get_mut(&id)) {
-                        // Surface a failed SDL rumble write: a swallowed error here (DualSense not in
-                        // the right HIDAPI mode, etc.) reads exactly like "rumble doesn't work". The
-                        // host logs the send side on 0xCA, so the two together pinpoint host-game vs
-                        // client-render.
-                        if let Err(e) = p.set_rumble(low, high, dur_ms) {
-                            tracing::warn!(low, high, error = %e, "rumble: SDL set_rumble failed");
-                        } else {
-                            tracing::debug!(low, high, "rumble: rendered");
-                        }
-                    } else {
-                        tracing::debug!(low, high, "rumble: received but no active pad to render");
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            while let Ok(hid) = connector.next_hidout(Duration::ZERO) {
-                let Some(id) = w.active_id() else { continue };
-                let is_ds = w.pad_info(id).is_some_and(|p| p.is_dualsense());
-                let Some(pad) = w.opened.get_mut(&id) else {
-                    continue;
-                };
-                match hid {
-                    HidOutput::Led { pad: 0, r, g, b } if is_ds => {
-                        let _ = pad.send_effect(&Ds5Feedback::lightbar_packet(r, g, b));
-                    }
-                    HidOutput::Led { pad: 0, r, g, b } => {
-                        let _ = pad.set_led(r, g, b);
-                    }
-                    HidOutput::PlayerLeds { pad: 0, bits } if is_ds => {
-                        let _ = pad.send_effect(&Ds5Feedback::player_packet(bits));
-                    }
-                    HidOutput::Trigger {
-                        pad: 0,
-                        which,
-                        ref effect,
-                    } if is_ds => {
-                        let _ = pad.send_effect(&Ds5Feedback::trigger_packet(which, effect));
-                    }
-                    _ => {}
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        std::thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(if w.attached.is_some() {
-            2
-        } else {
-            30
-        }));
-    }
-}

clients/windows/src/main.rs

@@ -24,8 +24,6 @@ mod app;
 #[cfg(windows)]
 mod discovery;
 #[cfg(windows)]
-mod gamepad;
-#[cfg(windows)]
 mod gpu;
 #[cfg(windows)]
 mod probe;
@@ -85,7 +83,11 @@ fn main() {
         tracing::error!(error = %e, "Windows App SDK bootstrap failed");
         std::process::exit(1);
     }
-    let gamepad = gamepad::GamepadService::start();
+    // The shared SDL gamepad service (pf-client-core). The shell only enumerates pads (Settings
+    // list) and persists the pin; the spawned punktfunk-session runs the SAME service and does the
+    // actual forwarding — so, unlike the old shell fork, we never `attach()` here. Idle it stays
+    // hands-off the hardware (id-getter metadata, no device open, Valve HIDAPI drivers off).
+    let gamepad = pf_client_core::gamepad::GamepadService::start();
     if let Err(e) = app::run(identity, gamepad) {
         tracing::error!(error = %e, "WinUI app failed");
         std::process::exit(1);

crates/pf-client-core/src/gamepad.rs

@@ -71,6 +71,15 @@ const DISCONNECT_HOLD: Duration = Duration::from_millis(1500);
 /// left untouched.
 const DECK_RUMBLE_KEEPALIVE_MS: u64 = 40;
 
+/// Ceiling on a *legacy* (no-TTL) host's Steam Deck rumble: silence the actuator once a real host
+/// update has been absent this long. A legacy host re-sends the held level as a flat 500 ms refresh,
+/// so a genuinely-held rumble refreshes the per-slot update clock (`RumbleState::updated_at`) every
+/// 500 ms and never approaches this — only a lost *stop* datagram (the host went quiet entirely)
+/// lets the 40 ms keep-alive drone on. 2× the 500 ms refresh bounds that lost stop to ~1 s,
+/// mirroring the Windows host's `RUMBLE_IDLE_TIMEOUT` residual cutoff. The v2 path is bounded by its
+/// lease `deadline` instead and never trips this (see [`Worker::render_feedback`]).
+const LEGACY_RUMBLE_CEILING_MS: u64 = 1_000;
+
 /// Stick deflection below this is ignored for menu navigation (0.5 of full scale — Apple
 /// `GamepadMenuInput` parity; menus want deliberate flicks, not drift).
 const MENU_DEADZONE: u16 = 16384;
@@ -558,9 +567,9 @@ fn button_bit(b: sdl3::gamepad::Button) -> Option<u32> {
 fn axis_value(axis: sdl3::gamepad::Axis, v: i16) -> (u32, i32) {
     use sdl3::gamepad::Axis;
     match axis {
-        Axis::LeftX => (wire::AXIS_LS_X, v as i32),
+        Axis::LeftX => (wire::AXIS_LS_X, (v as i32).max(-32767)),
         Axis::LeftY => (wire::AXIS_LS_Y, -(v as i32).max(-32767)),
-        Axis::RightX => (wire::AXIS_RS_X, v as i32),
+        Axis::RightX => (wire::AXIS_RS_X, (v as i32).max(-32767)),
         Axis::RightY => (wire::AXIS_RS_Y, -(v as i32).max(-32767)),
         Axis::TriggerLeft => (wire::AXIS_LT, (v as i32).clamp(0, 32767) >> 7),
         Axis::TriggerRight => (wire::AXIS_RT, (v as i32).clamp(0, 32767) >> 7),
@@ -617,6 +626,12 @@ struct RumbleState {
     /// drives the Steam Deck haptic keep-alive in [`Worker::render_feedback`].
     last: (u16, u16),
     last_at: Option<Instant>,
+    /// When the last *real* host rumble datagram landed on this slot — set only in the feedback
+    /// drain, never bumped by the Deck keep-alive re-kick (unlike `last_at`, which the keep-alive
+    /// refreshes every ~40 ms). A legacy host carries no lease, so this per-slot clock is what
+    /// bounds a lost stop-frame: once it is stale past `LEGACY_RUMBLE_CEILING_MS` the keep-alive
+    /// stops and issues one (0, 0). See [`Worker::render_feedback`].
+    updated_at: Option<Instant>,
     /// Toggles the 1-LSB low-motor nudge that forces SDL past its identical-value dedupe on a
     /// Deck keep-alive re-issue (see [`Worker::issue_rumble`]).
     jitter: bool,
@@ -1492,6 +1507,10 @@ impl Worker {
                     }
                     _ => None,
                 };
+                // Mark this as a real host update. Unlike `last_at` (which the Deck keep-alive
+                // re-kick refreshes every ~40 ms), this clock advances only here, so a legacy
+                // lost-stop can be bounded by `LEGACY_RUMBLE_CEILING_MS` in the keep-alive below.
+                slot.rumble.updated_at = Some(Instant::now());
                 Self::issue_rumble(slot, low, high, deck);
             }
         }
@@ -1511,6 +1530,17 @@ impl Worker {
                 slot.rumble.deadline = None;
                 slot.rumble.ttl_ms = 0;
                 Self::issue_rumble(slot, 0, 0, true);
+            } else if slot.rumble.ttl_ms == 0
+                && slot
+                    .rumble
+                    .updated_at
+                    .is_some_and(|t| t.elapsed() >= Duration::from_millis(LEGACY_RUMBLE_CEILING_MS))
+            {
+                // Legacy host (no v2 lease): a held rumble refreshes `updated_at` every ~500 ms, so
+                // this only trips on a lost stop-frame the host never followed up — silence the
+                // actuator once instead of letting the 40 ms keep-alive drone forever. `issue_rumble`
+                // sets `last` to (0, 0), so the top-of-loop guard skips this slot on later ticks.
+                Self::issue_rumble(slot, 0, 0, true);
             } else if slot
                 .rumble
                 .last_at

crates/punktfunk-host/src/gamestream/gamepad.rs

@@ -50,29 +50,38 @@ pub struct GamepadFrame {
     pub rs_y: i16,
 }
 
-// buttonFlags bits (Limelight.h).
-pub const BTN_DPAD_UP: u32 = 0x0001;
-pub const BTN_DPAD_DOWN: u32 = 0x0002;
-pub const BTN_DPAD_LEFT: u32 = 0x0004;
-pub const BTN_DPAD_RIGHT: u32 = 0x0008;
-pub const BTN_START: u32 = 0x0010;
-pub const BTN_BACK: u32 = 0x0020;
-pub const BTN_LS_CLK: u32 = 0x0040;
-pub const BTN_RS_CLK: u32 = 0x0080;
-pub const BTN_LB: u32 = 0x0100;
-pub const BTN_RB: u32 = 0x0200;
-pub const BTN_GUIDE: u32 = 0x0400;
-pub const BTN_A: u32 = 0x1000;
-pub const BTN_B: u32 = 0x2000;
-pub const BTN_X: u32 = 0x4000;
-pub const BTN_Y: u32 = 0x8000;
-// Extended buttons in the `buttonFlags2 << 16` namespace (mirror `punktfunk_core::input::gamepad`):
-// the four back-grip paddles. `decode` already merges `buttonFlags2 << 16` into `buttons`, but the
-// injector map dropped these bits — Sunshine/Moonlight paddle clients were silently no-op'd.
-pub const BTN_PADDLE1: u32 = 0x0001_0000;
-pub const BTN_PADDLE2: u32 = 0x0002_0000;
-pub const BTN_PADDLE3: u32 = 0x0004_0000;
-pub const BTN_PADDLE4: u32 = 0x0008_0000;
+// GameStream's `buttonFlags | buttonFlags2 << 16` layout (Limelight.h) is bit-identical to
+// punktfunk's native gamepad wire, so source these from the single point of truth in `punktfunk_core`
+// instead of re-declaring the values (the two drifted while separately hand-typed: the click bits
+// were named `BTN_LS_CLK`/`BTN_RS_CLK` here vs the core `…_CLICK`). `decode` merges the two 16-bit
+// halves into `buttons` raw; these names exist for the uinput injector's button map + hat math. The
+// extended touchpad-click / Share bits (`BTN_TOUCHPAD` / `BTN_MISC1`) ride `buttons` too but are
+// consumed straight from `punktfunk_core` by the DualSense/DS4 protos, so they aren't re-named here.
+//
+// These are `pub const` aliases rather than a `pub use` re-export on purpose: on Windows the sole
+// consumer (the Linux uinput map) is cfg'd out, and an unused re-export lints as an error there,
+// whereas an unused `pub const` does not. The values still come only from core, so they can't drift;
+// the exact wire values are pinned by `punktfunk1.rs::gamepad_wire_bits_are_pinned`.
+use punktfunk_core::input::gamepad as wire;
+pub const BTN_DPAD_UP: u32 = wire::BTN_DPAD_UP;
+pub const BTN_DPAD_DOWN: u32 = wire::BTN_DPAD_DOWN;
+pub const BTN_DPAD_LEFT: u32 = wire::BTN_DPAD_LEFT;
+pub const BTN_DPAD_RIGHT: u32 = wire::BTN_DPAD_RIGHT;
+pub const BTN_START: u32 = wire::BTN_START;
+pub const BTN_BACK: u32 = wire::BTN_BACK;
+pub const BTN_LS_CLICK: u32 = wire::BTN_LS_CLICK;
+pub const BTN_RS_CLICK: u32 = wire::BTN_RS_CLICK;
+pub const BTN_LB: u32 = wire::BTN_LB;
+pub const BTN_RB: u32 = wire::BTN_RB;
+pub const BTN_GUIDE: u32 = wire::BTN_GUIDE;
+pub const BTN_A: u32 = wire::BTN_A;
+pub const BTN_B: u32 = wire::BTN_B;
+pub const BTN_X: u32 = wire::BTN_X;
+pub const BTN_Y: u32 = wire::BTN_Y;
+pub const BTN_PADDLE1: u32 = wire::BTN_PADDLE1;
+pub const BTN_PADDLE2: u32 = wire::BTN_PADDLE2;
+pub const BTN_PADDLE3: u32 = wire::BTN_PADDLE3;
+pub const BTN_PADDLE4: u32 = wire::BTN_PADDLE4;
 
 /// Decode one decrypted control plaintext into a controller event, if it is one. Mouse,
 /// keyboard, keepalives etc. yield `None` (they're handled by [`super::input::decode`]).

crates/punktfunk-host/src/inject.rs

@@ -506,6 +506,11 @@ pub mod gamepad;
 #[cfg(target_os = "windows")]
 #[path = "inject/windows/gamepad_raii.rs"]
 mod gamepad_raii;
+/// Shared virtual-pad creation-retry policy ([`pad_gate::PadGate`]) used by every backend manager on
+/// both platforms — replaces the per-backend permanent `broken` latch with capped-backoff retry.
+#[cfg(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "windows"))]
+#[path = "inject/pad_gate.rs"]
+pub mod pad_gate;
 /// Linux: virtual Steam Deck via UHID — the kernel `hid-steam` driver binds it as a real Deck.
 #[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
 #[path = "inject/linux/steam_controller.rs"]
@@ -522,7 +527,9 @@ pub mod steam_gadget;
 #[path = "inject/proto/steam_proto.rs"]
 pub mod steam_proto;
 /// Pure fallback-remap policy (Steam-only inputs onto a non-Steam backend) + the Deck motion rescale.
-#[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
+/// Shared by the Linux and Windows DualSense/DS4 backends (the slot-less pads that must fold the
+/// Steam back grips); the Deck motion rescale is Linux-only but harmless to compile on Windows.
+#[cfg(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "windows"))]
 #[path = "inject/proto/steam_remap.rs"]
 pub mod steam_remap;
 /// Linux: virtual Steam Deck over **USB/IP** (`vhci_hcd`) — the shippable, Secure-Boot-clean,

crates/punktfunk-host/src/inject/linux/dualsense.rs

@@ -13,11 +13,12 @@
 //! UMDF-driver backend; this module is just the `/dev/uhid` plumbing around it.
 
 use super::dualsense_proto::{
-    parse_ds_output, serialize_state, DsFeedback, DsState, DS_FEATURE_CALIBRATION,
+    parse_ds_output, serialize_state, DsFeedback, DsState, HidoutDedup, DS_FEATURE_CALIBRATION,
     DS_FEATURE_FIRMWARE, DS_FEATURE_PAIRING, DS_INPUT_REPORT_LEN, DS_PRODUCT, DS_TOUCH_H,
     DS_TOUCH_W, DS_VENDOR, DUALSENSE_RDESC,
 };
 use crate::gamestream::gamepad::{GamepadEvent, MAX_PADS};
+use crate::inject::pad_gate::PadGate;
 use anyhow::{Context, Result};
 use punktfunk_core::quic::{HidOutput, RichInput};
 use std::fs::{File, OpenOptions};
@@ -177,11 +178,15 @@ pub struct DualSenseManager {
     state: Vec<DsState>,
     /// Last rumble forwarded per pad, so a report that only changes the LED doesn't re-send it.
     last_rumble: Vec<(u16, u16)>,
+    /// Last rich feedback (lightbar / player LEDs / adaptive triggers) forwarded per pad, so an
+    /// output report that only changed the rumble doesn't re-send unchanged 0xCD feedback.
+    hidout_dedup: Vec<HidoutDedup>,
     /// When each pad last wrote an input report — drives [`DualSenseManager::heartbeat`], which
     /// re-emits the current state during input silence so the kernel never sees the device go quiet.
     last_write: Vec<Instant>,
-    /// Pad creation failed (e.g. /dev/uhid permissions) — warn once, drop events.
-    broken: bool,
+    /// Create-retry gate: a transient `/dev/uhid` failure backs off and retries instead of
+    /// permanently disabling every pad for the session.
+    gate: PadGate,
     /// Fallback policy for the Steam back grips a client may send (the DualSense has no back-button
     /// HID slot). `PUNKTFUNK_STEAM_REMAP=paddles=…`; default drop.
     remap: crate::inject::steam_remap::RemapConfig,
@@ -199,8 +204,9 @@ impl DualSenseManager {
             pads: (0..MAX_PADS).map(|_| None).collect(),
             state: vec![DsState::neutral(); MAX_PADS],
             last_rumble: vec![(0, 0); MAX_PADS],
+            hidout_dedup: vec![HidoutDedup::default(); MAX_PADS],
             last_write: vec![Instant::now(); MAX_PADS],
-            broken: false,
+            gate: PadGate::new(),
             remap: crate::inject::steam_remap::RemapConfig::from_env(),
         }
     }
@@ -224,6 +230,7 @@ impl DualSenseManager {
                         *slot = None;
                         self.state[i] = DsState::neutral();
                         self.last_rumble[i] = (0, 0);
+                        self.hidout_dedup[i].clear();
                     }
                 }
                 if f.active_mask & (1 << idx) == 0 {
@@ -300,7 +307,7 @@ impl DualSenseManager {
     }
 
     fn ensure(&mut self, idx: usize) {
-        if idx >= MAX_PADS || self.pads[idx].is_some() || self.broken {
+        if idx >= MAX_PADS || self.pads[idx].is_some() || !self.gate.allow(Instant::now()) {
             return;
         }
         match DualSensePad::open(idx as u8) {
@@ -312,11 +319,13 @@ impl DualSenseManager {
                 self.pads[idx] = Some(p);
                 self.state[idx] = DsState::neutral();
                 self.last_rumble[idx] = (0, 0);
+                self.hidout_dedup[idx].clear();
                 self.last_write[idx] = Instant::now();
+                self.gate.on_success();
             }
             Err(e) => {
-                tracing::error!(error = %format!("{e:#}"), "virtual DualSense creation failed — controller input disabled");
-                self.broken = true;
+                tracing::error!(error = %format!("{e:#}"), "virtual DualSense creation failed — retrying with backoff");
+                self.gate.on_failure(Instant::now());
             }
         }
     }
@@ -343,8 +352,12 @@ impl DualSenseManager {
                 }
             }
             for h in fb.hidout {
+                // Skip rich feedback that repeats the last-forwarded value (the game's output report
+                // re-sends unchanged lightbar/LED/trigger state alongside every rumble update).
+                if self.hidout_dedup[i].should_forward(&h) {
                     hidout(h);
                 }
             }
         }
     }
+}

crates/punktfunk-host/src/inject/linux/dualshock4.rs

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 
 use super::dualsense_proto::{DsState, Touch};
 use crate::gamestream::gamepad::{GamepadEvent, MAX_PADS};
+use crate::inject::pad_gate::PadGate;
 use anyhow::{Context, Result};
 use punktfunk_core::quic::{HidOutput, RichInput};
 use std::fs::{File, OpenOptions};
@@ -365,8 +366,9 @@ pub struct DualShock4Manager {
     last_led: Vec<Option<(u8, u8, u8)>>,
     /// When each pad last wrote an input report — drives [`heartbeat`](Self::heartbeat).
     last_write: Vec<Instant>,
-    /// Pad creation failed (e.g. /dev/uhid permissions) — warn once, drop events.
-    broken: bool,
+    /// Create-retry gate: a transient `/dev/uhid` failure backs off and retries instead of
+    /// permanently disabling every pad for the session.
+    gate: PadGate,
     /// Fallback policy for the Steam back grips a client may send (the DS4 has no back-button HID
     /// slot). `PUNKTFUNK_STEAM_REMAP=paddles=…`; default drop.
     remap: crate::inject::steam_remap::RemapConfig,
@@ -386,7 +388,7 @@ impl DualShock4Manager {
             last_rumble: vec![(0, 0); MAX_PADS],
             last_led: vec![None; MAX_PADS],
             last_write: vec![Instant::now(); MAX_PADS],
-            broken: false,
+            gate: PadGate::new(),
             remap: crate::inject::steam_remap::RemapConfig::from_env(),
         }
     }
@@ -522,7 +524,7 @@ impl DualShock4Manager {
     }
 
     fn ensure(&mut self, idx: usize) {
-        if idx >= MAX_PADS || self.pads[idx].is_some() || self.broken {
+        if idx >= MAX_PADS || self.pads[idx].is_some() || !self.gate.allow(Instant::now()) {
             return;
         }
         match DualShock4Pad::open(idx as u8) {
@@ -536,10 +538,11 @@ impl DualShock4Manager {
                 self.last_rumble[idx] = (0, 0);
                 self.last_led[idx] = None;
                 self.last_write[idx] = Instant::now();
+                self.gate.on_success();
             }
             Err(e) => {
-                tracing::error!(error = %format!("{e:#}"), "virtual DualShock 4 creation failed — controller input disabled");
-                self.broken = true;
+                tracing::error!(error = %format!("{e:#}"), "virtual DualShock 4 creation failed — retrying with backoff");
+                self.gate.on_failure(Instant::now());
             }
         }
     }

crates/punktfunk-host/src/inject/linux/gamepad.rs

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 #![deny(clippy::undocumented_unsafe_blocks)]
 
 use crate::gamestream::gamepad::{self, GamepadFrame, MAX_PADS};
+use crate::inject::pad_gate::PadGate;
 use anyhow::{bail, Result};
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::os::fd::{AsRawFd, OwnedFd};
@@ -88,8 +89,8 @@ const BUTTON_MAP: [(u32, u16); 15] = [
     (gamepad::BTN_BACK, BTN_SELECT),
     (gamepad::BTN_START, BTN_START),
     (gamepad::BTN_GUIDE, BTN_MODE),
-    (gamepad::BTN_LS_CLK, BTN_THUMBL),
-    (gamepad::BTN_RS_CLK, BTN_THUMBR),
+    (gamepad::BTN_LS_CLICK, BTN_THUMBL),
+    (gamepad::BTN_RS_CLICK, BTN_THUMBR),
     (gamepad::BTN_PADDLE1, BTN_TRIGGER_HAPPY5),
     (gamepad::BTN_PADDLE2, BTN_TRIGGER_HAPPY6),
     (gamepad::BTN_PADDLE3, BTN_TRIGGER_HAPPY7),
@@ -265,7 +266,6 @@ struct Effect {
 /// One virtual X-Box-360 pad backed by a uinput device.
 pub struct VirtualPad {
     fd: OwnedFd,
-    prev_buttons: u32,
     effects: HashMap<i16, Effect>,
     next_effect_id: i16,
     gain: u32,
@@ -369,7 +369,6 @@ impl VirtualPad {
 
         Ok(VirtualPad {
             fd,
-            prev_buttons: 0,
             effects: HashMap::new(),
             next_effect_id: 0,
             gain: 0xFFFF,
@@ -412,15 +411,17 @@ impl VirtualPad {
         };
     }
 
-    /// Apply one decoded frame: button transitions, axes, D-pad hat, one SYN_REPORT.
+    /// Apply one decoded frame: button state, axes, D-pad hat, one SYN_REPORT.
     pub fn apply(&mut self, f: &GamepadFrame) {
-        let changed = self.prev_buttons ^ f.buttons;
+        // Re-assert every mapped button's absolute state each frame — exactly like the axes below —
+        // instead of only writing XOR-changed edges. `emit` is best-effort (a full kernel queue drops
+        // the write), so an edge-only scheme would strand a dropped press/release until that button
+        // next toggles; re-asserting re-syncs it on the following frame. Restating an unchanged key is
+        // free downstream: the kernel input core discards an EV_KEY whose value already matches the
+        // device's current state (no duplicate event reaches consumers, and BTN_* keys don't autorepeat).
         for (bit, key) in BUTTON_MAP {
-            if changed & bit != 0 {
             self.emit(EV_KEY, key, ((f.buttons & bit) != 0) as i32);
         }
-        }
-        self.prev_buttons = f.buttons;
 
         // Moonlight: +Y = up; evdev: +Y = down → negate (i32 math avoids -(-32768) overflow).
         self.emit(EV_ABS, ABS_X, f.ls_x as i32);
@@ -557,8 +558,9 @@ pub struct GamepadManager {
     /// The USB identity every pad in this session presents (X-Box 360 by default, One/Series when
     /// the client asked for `XboxOne`). All pads in a session share one identity.
     identity: PadIdentity,
-    /// Pad creation failed (e.g. /dev/uinput permissions) — warn once, drop events.
-    broken: bool,
+    /// Create-retry gate: a transient `/dev/uinput` failure backs off and retries instead of
+    /// permanently disabling every pad for the session.
+    gate: PadGate,
 }
 
 impl GamepadManager {
@@ -572,7 +574,7 @@ impl GamepadManager {
         GamepadManager {
             pads: (0..MAX_PADS).map(|_| None).collect(),
             identity,
-            broken: false,
+            gate: PadGate::new(),
         }
     }
 
@@ -608,14 +610,17 @@ impl GamepadManager {
     }
 
     fn ensure(&mut self, idx: usize) {
-        if idx >= MAX_PADS || self.pads[idx].is_some() || self.broken {
+        if idx >= MAX_PADS || self.pads[idx].is_some() || !self.gate.allow(Instant::now()) {
             return;
         }
         match VirtualPad::create(idx, self.identity) {
-            Ok(p) => self.pads[idx] = Some(p),
+            Ok(p) => {
+                self.pads[idx] = Some(p);
+                self.gate.on_success();
+            }
             Err(e) => {
-                tracing::error!(error = %format!("{e:#}"), "virtual gamepad creation failed — controller input disabled");
-                self.broken = true;
+                tracing::error!(error = %format!("{e:#}"), "virtual gamepad creation failed — retrying with backoff");
+                self.gate.on_failure(Instant::now());
             }
         }
     }

crates/punktfunk-host/src/inject/linux/steam_controller.rs

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ use super::steam_proto::{
     STEAMDECK_RDESC, STEAM_REPORT_LEN, STEAM_VENDOR,
 };
 use crate::gamestream::gamepad::{GamepadEvent, MAX_PADS};
+use crate::inject::pad_gate::PadGate;
 use anyhow::{Context, Result};
 use punktfunk_core::quic::{HidOutput, RichInput};
 use std::fs::{File, OpenOptions};
@@ -360,7 +361,9 @@ pub struct SteamControllerManager {
     state: Vec<SteamState>,
     last_rumble: Vec<(u16, u16)>,
     last_write: Vec<Instant>,
-    broken: bool,
+    /// Create-retry gate: a transient `/dev/uhid` failure backs off and retries instead of
+    /// permanently disabling every pad for the session.
+    gate: PadGate,
 }
 
 impl Default for SteamControllerManager {
@@ -376,7 +379,7 @@ impl SteamControllerManager {
             state: vec![SteamState::neutral(); MAX_PADS],
             last_rumble: vec![(0, 0); MAX_PADS],
             last_write: vec![Instant::now(); MAX_PADS],
-            broken: false,
+            gate: PadGate::new(),
         }
     }
 
@@ -422,6 +425,12 @@ impl SteamControllerManager {
                 s.gyro = prev.gyro;
                 s.accel = prev.accel;
                 s.buttons |= prev.buttons & (btn::RPAD_TOUCH | btn::LPAD_TOUCH);
+                // Trackpad CLICK arrives on the rich plane too and must survive a button-only frame,
+                // exactly like touch/coords/motion above. It lives in its own fields (not `buttons`,
+                // which `from_gamepad` just rebuilt) so preserving it can't strand the BTN_TOUCHPAD
+                // wire-button's RPAD_CLICK — the two are OR'd only at serialize.
+                s.lpad_click = prev.lpad_click;
+                s.rpad_click = prev.rpad_click;
                 self.state[idx] = s;
                 self.write(idx);
             }
@@ -466,7 +475,7 @@ impl SteamControllerManager {
     }
 
     fn ensure(&mut self, idx: usize) {
-        if idx >= MAX_PADS || self.pads[idx].is_some() || self.broken {
+        if idx >= MAX_PADS || self.pads[idx].is_some() || !self.gate.allow(Instant::now()) {
             return;
         }
         match open_transport(idx as u8) {
@@ -475,10 +484,11 @@ impl SteamControllerManager {
                 self.state[idx] = SteamState::neutral();
                 self.last_rumble[idx] = (0, 0);
                 self.last_write[idx] = Instant::now();
+                self.gate.on_success();
             }
             Err(e) => {
-                tracing::error!(error = %format!("{e:#}"), "virtual Steam Deck creation failed — controller input disabled");
-                self.broken = true;
+                tracing::error!(error = %format!("{e:#}"), "virtual Steam Deck creation failed — retrying with backoff");
+                self.gate.on_failure(Instant::now());
             }
         }
     }

crates/punktfunk-host/src/inject/pad_gate.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+//! Shared virtual-pad creation-retry policy, used by every backend manager (Linux uinput/uhid,
+//! Windows XUSB/UMDF). See [`PadGate`].
+
+use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
+
+/// Backoff after the first failed pad creation…
+const FIRST_BACKOFF: Duration = Duration::from_secs(1);
+/// …doubling on each consecutive failure, capped here so a persistently-broken host retries at most
+/// this often (a negligible cost) while still self-healing within one window of the fix.
+const MAX_BACKOFF: Duration = Duration::from_secs(30);
+
+/// Create-retry gate shared by every virtual-pad manager.
+///
+/// Each backend used to carry a `broken: bool` that latched permanently on the FIRST pad-creation
+/// error, so a single transient failure — a startup race on `/dev/uinput`, a momentary `EBUSY`, the
+/// Windows companion driver not yet ready — disabled EVERY controller for the rest of the session,
+/// even after the underlying cause cleared. `PadGate` replaces that latch with capped exponential
+/// backoff:
+///
+/// * After a failure, creation is blocked only until the backoff elapses — so the manager does not
+///   re-attempt (and re-log) on every one of the 60–240 input frames a second — then a single
+///   retry is permitted.
+/// * A success clears the backoff, so the next failure starts fresh from [`FIRST_BACKOFF`].
+/// * Consecutive failures widen the window, doubling up to [`MAX_BACKOFF`].
+///
+/// Even a genuinely broken setup (bad `/dev/uinput` permissions, missing Windows driver) therefore
+/// self-heals within [`MAX_BACKOFF`] of the fix — a udev-rule reload, a driver install, the next
+/// client connect — with no host restart, while costing at most one failed syscall plus one log
+/// line per backoff window. The gate is manager-wide (not per slot), matching the old `broken`
+/// flag: these failures are systemic (device-node permissions, absent driver), not per-controller.
+#[derive(Debug, Default)]
+pub struct PadGate {
+    /// When the current backoff ends. `None` = creation is allowed right now.
+    retry_at: Option<Instant>,
+    /// Current backoff length: `ZERO` until the first failure, then [`FIRST_BACKOFF`] doubling
+    /// toward [`MAX_BACKOFF`].
+    backoff: Duration,
+}
+
+impl PadGate {
+    /// A gate that permits creation immediately (no failures recorded yet).
+    pub fn new() -> PadGate {
+        PadGate::default()
+    }
+
+    /// May a pad be created at `now`? `true` unless a post-failure backoff is still in effect.
+    pub fn allow(&self, now: Instant) -> bool {
+        match self.retry_at {
+            None => true,
+            Some(t) => now >= t,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Record a successful pad creation — clear the backoff so the next failure starts fresh.
+    pub fn on_success(&mut self) {
+        self.retry_at = None;
+        self.backoff = Duration::ZERO;
+    }
+
+    /// Record a failed pad creation at `now` — arm the next retry a capped-exponential backoff out.
+    pub fn on_failure(&mut self, now: Instant) {
+        self.backoff = if self.backoff.is_zero() {
+            FIRST_BACKOFF
+        } else {
+            (self.backoff * 2).min(MAX_BACKOFF)
+        };
+        self.retry_at = Some(now + self.backoff);
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn fresh_gate_allows_creation() {
+        assert!(PadGate::new().allow(Instant::now()));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn failure_blocks_until_backoff_elapses_then_allows_one_retry() {
+        let t0 = Instant::now();
+        let mut g = PadGate::new();
+        g.on_failure(t0);
+        // Blocked for the whole first-backoff window…
+        assert!(!g.allow(t0));
+        assert!(!g.allow(t0 + FIRST_BACKOFF - Duration::from_millis(1)));
+        // …then a single retry is permitted.
+        assert!(g.allow(t0 + FIRST_BACKOFF));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn consecutive_failures_double_the_backoff_up_to_the_cap() {
+        let t0 = Instant::now();
+        let mut g = PadGate::new();
+        g.on_failure(t0); // window = 1s
+        g.on_failure(t0); // window = 2s
+        assert!(!g.allow(t0 + FIRST_BACKOFF)); // still blocked at 1s — the window is now 2s
+        assert!(g.allow(t0 + 2 * FIRST_BACKOFF));
+        // Drive well past the cap and confirm the window never exceeds MAX_BACKOFF.
+        for _ in 0..20 {
+            g.on_failure(t0);
+        }
+        assert!(!g.allow(t0 + MAX_BACKOFF - Duration::from_millis(1)));
+        assert!(g.allow(t0 + MAX_BACKOFF));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn success_resets_the_backoff() {
+        let t0 = Instant::now();
+        let mut g = PadGate::new();
+        g.on_failure(t0);
+        g.on_failure(t0); // window grown to 2s
+        g.on_success();
+        // Success clears the backoff: creation is immediately allowed again.
+        assert!(g.allow(t0));
+        // The next failure starts from FIRST_BACKOFF, not the grown value.
+        g.on_failure(t0);
+        assert!(!g.allow(t0 + FIRST_BACKOFF - Duration::from_millis(1)));
+        assert!(g.allow(t0 + FIRST_BACKOFF));
+    }
+}

crates/punktfunk-host/src/inject/proto/dualsense_proto.rs

@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ pub mod btn1 {
 pub mod btn2 {
     pub const PS: u8 = 0x01;
     pub const TOUCHPAD: u8 = 0x02;
-    #[allow(dead_code)]
+    /// Mic-mute / capture button — set from the wire `BTN_MISC1` in `DsState::from_gamepad`.
     pub const MUTE: u8 = 0x04;
 }
 
@@ -223,6 +223,12 @@ impl DsState {
         if on(gs::BTN_TOUCHPAD) {
             s.buttons[2] |= btn2::TOUCHPAD;
         }
+        // The mic-mute / capture button (Deck '…' QAM on the Steam path). Clients send it as
+        // BTN_MISC1; without this the DualSense mute button was inert on every PlayStation-family
+        // virtual pad. Rebuilt from the wire bit each frame like PS/TOUCHPAD, so no persistence gap.
+        if on(gs::BTN_MISC1) {
+            s.buttons[2] |= btn2::MUTE;
+        }
         s
     }
 
@@ -439,10 +445,119 @@ pub fn parse_ds_output(pad: u8, data: &[u8], fb: &mut DsFeedback) {
     }
 }
 
+/// Per-pad dedup for the DualSense HID-output feedback plane (0xCD). A game's DualSense output report
+/// bundles rumble + lightbar + player-LEDs + adaptive-triggers into one report, so a pad that is
+/// merely *rumbling* re-sends its (unchanged) lightbar / LED / trigger state on every output report.
+/// The managers already dedup rumble; this does the same for the rich [`HidOutput`] feedback so the
+/// 0xCD plane carries only genuine changes. State (`Led` / `PlayerLeds` / `Trigger`) is deduped by
+/// value; a one-shot `TrackpadHaptic` pulse is always forwarded (each pulse must fire).
+#[derive(Clone, Default)]
+pub struct HidoutDedup {
+    led: Option<(u8, u8, u8)>,
+    player_leds: Option<u8>,
+    /// Last-forwarded adaptive-trigger effect per side: `[0]` = L2, `[1]` = R2.
+    trigger: [Option<Vec<u8>>; 2],
+}
+
+impl HidoutDedup {
+    /// Forget all remembered state — call when a pad is created or unplugged so the first feedback
+    /// after a (re)connect is always forwarded.
+    pub fn clear(&mut self) {
+        *self = HidoutDedup::default();
+    }
+
+    /// Whether `h` should be forwarded: `true` for a genuine change (remembering the new value) or a
+    /// one-shot pulse; `false` if it repeats the last-forwarded value for its kind.
+    pub fn should_forward(&mut self, h: &HidOutput) -> bool {
+        match h {
+            HidOutput::Led { r, g, b, .. } => {
+                let v = Some((*r, *g, *b));
+                if self.led == v {
+                    false
+                } else {
+                    self.led = v;
+                    true
+                }
+            }
+            HidOutput::PlayerLeds { bits, .. } => {
+                let v = Some(*bits);
+                if self.player_leds == v {
+                    false
+                } else {
+                    self.player_leds = v;
+                    true
+                }
+            }
+            HidOutput::Trigger { which, effect, .. } => {
+                let slot = (*which as usize).min(1);
+                if self.trigger[slot].as_deref() == Some(effect.as_slice()) {
+                    false
+                } else {
+                    self.trigger[slot] = Some(effect.clone());
+                    true
+                }
+            }
+            // One-shot haptic pulse (Steam voice-coil) — state-less, always fires.
+            HidOutput::TrackpadHaptic { .. } => true,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
 
+    /// `HidoutDedup` forwards a value once, drops exact repeats, re-forwards a change, tracks the two
+    /// trigger sides independently, never dedups one-shot haptic pulses, and re-arms after `clear`.
+    #[test]
+    fn hidout_dedup_forwards_only_changes() {
+        let mut d = HidoutDedup::default();
+        let led = |r| HidOutput::Led {
+            pad: 0,
+            r,
+            g: 0,
+            b: 0,
+        };
+        // First value forwards; an exact repeat is dropped; a change forwards again.
+        assert!(d.should_forward(&led(10)));
+        assert!(!d.should_forward(&led(10)));
+        assert!(d.should_forward(&led(20)));
+
+        // Player LEDs dedup on their own field, independent of the lightbar.
+        let pl = |bits| HidOutput::PlayerLeds { pad: 0, bits };
+        assert!(d.should_forward(&pl(0b101)));
+        assert!(!d.should_forward(&pl(0b101)));
+        assert!(!d.should_forward(&led(20))); // lightbar still unchanged
+
+        // The two adaptive triggers (L2=0, R2=1) are tracked separately.
+        let trig = |which, byte| HidOutput::Trigger {
+            pad: 0,
+            which,
+            effect: vec![byte, 0, 0],
+        };
+        assert!(d.should_forward(&trig(0, 1)));
+        assert!(d.should_forward(&trig(1, 1))); // same bytes, other side → still forwards
+        assert!(!d.should_forward(&trig(0, 1)));
+        assert!(d.should_forward(&trig(0, 2))); // L2 effect changed
+
+        // One-shot haptic pulses are never deduped.
+        let haptic = HidOutput::TrackpadHaptic {
+            pad: 0,
+            side: 0,
+            amplitude: 1,
+            period: 2,
+            count: 3,
+        };
+        assert!(d.should_forward(&haptic));
+        assert!(d.should_forward(&haptic));
+
+        // `clear` re-arms every kind.
+        d.clear();
+        assert!(d.should_forward(&led(20)));
+        assert!(d.should_forward(&pl(0b101)));
+        assert!(d.should_forward(&trig(0, 2)));
+    }
+
     /// The Steam dual-pad → DualSense touchpad SPLIT: left pad (surface 1) lands contact 0
     /// on the left half, right pad (surface 2) contact 1 on the right half; y follows the
     /// shared screen convention (top → 0) with no flip; pad clicks set the touchpad-click
@@ -669,12 +784,16 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(r[53], 0x0A);
     }
 
-    /// The wire touchpad-click bit (Moonlight's extended position) lands in `buttons[2]`.
+    /// The wire touchpad-click / guide / mute bits (Moonlight's extended positions) land in
+    /// `buttons[2]`.
     #[test]
     fn from_gamepad_maps_touchpad_click() {
         use punktfunk_core::input::gamepad as gs;
         let s = DsState::from_gamepad(gs::BTN_TOUCHPAD | gs::BTN_GUIDE, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0);
         assert_eq!(s.buttons[2], btn2::PS | btn2::TOUCHPAD);
+        // BTN_MISC1 → the mic-mute / capture button (G6: was previously dropped entirely).
+        let s = DsState::from_gamepad(gs::BTN_MISC1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0);
+        assert_eq!(s.buttons[2], btn2::MUTE);
         let s = DsState::from_gamepad(gs::BTN_A, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0);
         assert_eq!(s.buttons[2], 0);
     }

crates/punktfunk-host/src/inject/proto/steam_proto.rs

@@ -156,6 +156,15 @@ pub struct SteamState {
     /// (with Z/RZ negated) on the separate sensors evdev.
     pub accel: [i16; 3],
     pub gyro: [i16; 3],
+    /// Trackpad CLICK from the rich plane ([`apply_rich`]), kept OUTSIDE `buttons` because
+    /// [`SteamControllerManager::handle`](super::super::linux::steam_controller::SteamControllerManager)
+    /// rebuilds `buttons` from the gamepad frame every tick — exactly why DualSense keeps
+    /// `touch_click` separate. Merged into the report's click bits in [`serialize_deck_state`]. The
+    /// DualSense touchpad-click WIRE button still sets `RPAD_CLICK` in `buttons` via
+    /// [`from_gamepad`](Self::from_gamepad); the two sources are OR'd at serialize, so each releases
+    /// independently (a released `BTN_TOUCHPAD` can't strand a rich click, and vice-versa).
+    pub lpad_click: bool,
+    pub rpad_click: bool,
 }
 
 impl SteamState {
@@ -273,12 +282,14 @@ impl SteamState {
                 // left pad, anything else (0 single / 2 right) = right pad.
                 if surface == 1 {
                     self.press(btn::LPAD_TOUCH, touch);
-                    self.press(btn::LPAD_CLICK, click);
+                    // Click lives in its own field, NOT `buttons` — `handle()` rebuilds `buttons`
+                    // every gamepad frame and would otherwise wipe a held click (the bug this fixes).
+                    self.lpad_click = click;
                     self.lpad_x = x;
                     self.lpad_y = flip_y(y);
                 } else {
                     self.press(btn::RPAD_TOUCH, touch);
-                    self.press(btn::RPAD_CLICK, click);
+                    self.rpad_click = click;
                     self.rpad_x = x;
                     self.rpad_y = flip_y(y);
                 }
@@ -297,7 +308,18 @@ pub fn serialize_deck_state(r: &mut [u8; STEAM_REPORT_LEN], st: &SteamState, seq
     r[2] = ID_CONTROLLER_DECK_STATE;
     r[3] = 0x3C; // payload length; the kernel ignores it
     r[4..8].copy_from_slice(&seq.to_le_bytes());
-    r[8..16].copy_from_slice(&st.buttons.to_le_bytes()); // bytes 8..16 (12+15 stay 0)
+    // Rich-plane trackpad clicks live in their own fields (see `SteamState`) so a button-only frame
+    // can't wipe them; merge them into the report's click bits here. RPAD_CLICK may ALSO come from
+    // the DualSense touchpad-click wire button via `from_gamepad` — OR both, so either source lights
+    // it and each releases independently.
+    let mut buttons = st.buttons;
+    if st.lpad_click {
+        buttons |= btn::LPAD_CLICK;
+    }
+    if st.rpad_click {
+        buttons |= btn::RPAD_CLICK;
+    }
+    r[8..16].copy_from_slice(&buttons.to_le_bytes()); // bytes 8..16 (12+15 stay 0)
     r[16..18].copy_from_slice(&st.lpad_x.to_le_bytes());
     r[18..20].copy_from_slice(&st.lpad_y.to_le_bytes());
     r[20..22].copy_from_slice(&st.rpad_x.to_le_bytes());
@@ -611,7 +633,9 @@ mod tests {
             pressure: 100,
         });
         assert_ne!(s.buttons & btn::LPAD_TOUCH, 0);
-        assert_ne!(s.buttons & btn::LPAD_CLICK, 0);
+        // Click now rides its own field (kept OUT of `buttons`, which handle() rebuilds each frame).
+        assert!(s.lpad_click);
+        assert_eq!(s.buttons & btn::LPAD_CLICK, 0);
         assert_eq!((s.lpad_x, s.lpad_y), (-5000, -6000));
         s.apply_rich(RichInput::TouchpadEx {
             pad: 0,
@@ -624,6 +648,7 @@ mod tests {
             pressure: 0,
         });
         assert_ne!(s.buttons & btn::RPAD_TOUCH, 0);
+        assert!(!s.rpad_click); // click:false → field cleared
         assert_eq!((s.rpad_x, s.rpad_y), (7000, 8000));
 
         // The i16 edge: wire y = -32768 (top-most) must clamp, not overflow.
@@ -640,6 +665,34 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(s.rpad_y, 32767);
     }
 
+    /// Regression (G2): a held trackpad click set on the rich plane must survive the per-frame
+    /// `buttons` rebuild that `SteamControllerManager::handle` performs via `from_gamepad`. Before
+    /// the fix, click lived in `buttons` and the rebuild wiped it every gamepad frame.
+    #[test]
+    fn rich_click_survives_a_buttons_rebuild() {
+        let mut held = SteamState::neutral();
+        held.apply_rich(RichInput::TouchpadEx {
+            pad: 0,
+            surface: 1,
+            finger: 0,
+            touch: true,
+            click: true,
+            x: 0,
+            y: 0,
+            pressure: 0,
+        });
+        assert!(held.lpad_click);
+        // A following button-only frame: from_gamepad rebuilds buttons (dropping the click bit),
+        // then handle() carries the rich fields over — the click must still reach the report.
+        let mut merged = SteamState::from_gamepad(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0);
+        assert_eq!(merged.buttons & btn::LPAD_CLICK, 0); // the rebuild alone loses it (the old bug)
+        merged.lpad_click = held.lpad_click; // what handle() now preserves
+        let mut r = [0u8; STEAM_REPORT_LEN];
+        serialize_deck_state(&mut r, &merged, 0);
+        let serialized = u64::from_le_bytes(r[8..16].try_into().unwrap());
+        assert_ne!(serialized & btn::LPAD_CLICK, 0); // click lands in the report despite the rebuild
+    }
+
     /// The serial reply carries the leading report-id byte the kernel strips, so the *stripped*
     /// view (`reply[1..]`) is what `steam_get_serial` validates: `[0xAE, len, 0x01, ascii…]`.
     #[test]

crates/punktfunk-host/src/inject/windows/dualsense_windows.rs

@@ -18,21 +18,23 @@
 //! must already be installed; the installer stages it.)
 
 use super::dualsense_proto::{
-    parse_ds_output, serialize_state, DsFeedback, DsState, DS_INPUT_REPORT_LEN, DS_TOUCH_H,
-    DS_TOUCH_W,
+    parse_ds_output, serialize_state, DsFeedback, DsState, HidoutDedup, DS_INPUT_REPORT_LEN,
+    DS_TOUCH_H, DS_TOUCH_W,
 };
-use super::gamepad_raii::PadChannel;
+use super::gamepad_raii::{sw_create_cb, PadChannel, SwCreateCtx};
 use crate::gamestream::gamepad::{GamepadEvent, MAX_PADS};
+use crate::inject::pad_gate::PadGate;
 use anyhow::{anyhow, Result};
 use punktfunk_core::quic::{HidOutput, RichInput};
 use std::ffi::c_void;
+use std::sync::atomic::{fence, AtomicU32, Ordering};
 use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
-use windows::core::{w, GUID, HRESULT, PCWSTR};
+use windows::core::{w, GUID, PCWSTR};
 use windows::Win32::Devices::Enumeration::Pnp::{
     SwDeviceClose, SwDeviceCreate, HSWDEVICE, SW_DEVICE_CREATE_INFO,
 };
-use windows::Win32::Foundation::{CloseHandle, E_FAIL, HANDLE, WAIT_OBJECT_0};
-use windows::Win32::System::Threading::{CreateEventW, SetEvent, WaitForSingleObject};
+use windows::Win32::Foundation::{CloseHandle, E_FAIL, WAIT_OBJECT_0};
+use windows::Win32::System::Threading::{CreateEventW, WaitForSingleObject};
 
 /// Shared-section layout — the single source of truth is [`pf_driver_proto::gamepad::PadShm`] (offset
 /// asserts pin every field; the `pf_dualsense` driver maps the same struct). Derive the size/offsets/magic
@@ -71,50 +73,6 @@ struct DsWinPad {
     last_out_seq: u32,
 }
 
-/// Context for the `SwDeviceCreate` completion callback: an event to signal, the HRESULT it reports,
-/// and the PnP instance id PnP assigned (captured for devnode health diagnostics).
-#[repr(C)]
-struct SwCreateCtx {
-    event: HANDLE,
-    result: HRESULT,
-    instance_id: [u16; 128],
-}
-
-/// `SwDeviceCreate` fires this once PnP has enumerated the device; stash the result and wake the
-/// creator, which blocks on the event (so there's no concurrent access to `*ctx`).
-unsafe extern "system" fn sw_create_cb(
-    _dev: HSWDEVICE,
-    result: HRESULT,
-    ctx: *const c_void,
-    id: PCWSTR,
-) {
-    if !ctx.is_null() {
-        // SAFETY: ctx is the &mut SwCreateCtx the creator passed; it outlives this callback (the
-        // creator blocks on the event). `id` is a NUL-terminated string for the callback's duration.
-        unsafe {
-            let c = ctx as *mut SwCreateCtx;
-            (*c).result = result;
-            if !id.is_null() {
-                for i in 0..(*c).instance_id.len() - 1 {
-                    let ch = *id.0.add(i);
-                    (*c).instance_id[i] = ch;
-                    if ch == 0 {
-                        break;
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            let _ = SetEvent((*c).event);
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl SwCreateCtx {
-    fn instance_id(&self) -> Option<String> {
-        let len = self.instance_id.iter().position(|&c| c == 0)?;
-        (len > 0).then(|| String::from_utf16_lossy(&self.instance_id[..len]))
-    }
-}
-
 /// The PnP identity for a virtual controller devnode — varies by controller type so the same
 /// [`create_swdevice`] builds a DualSense (`VID_054C&PID_0CE6`) or a DualShock 4
 /// (`VID_054C&PID_09CC`). The fields map onto the `SW_DEVICE_CREATE_INFO` identity discussed below.
@@ -334,13 +292,24 @@ impl DsWinPad {
         self.ts = self.ts.wrapping_add(1);
         let mut r = [0u8; DS_INPUT_REPORT_LEN];
         serialize_state(&mut r, st, self.seq, self.ts);
-        // SAFETY: base points at SHM_SIZE bytes; input slot is OFF_INPUT..OFF_INPUT+64.
+        // SAFETY: base points at SHM_SIZE bytes; input slot is OFF_INPUT..OFF_INPUT+64. Unlike the
+        // XUSB `packet` / DualSense `out_seq` fields, the input path has NO driver-polled change-detect
+        // field to publish last: the `pf_dualsense` driver streams the whole `input` region to game
+        // READ_REPORTs on its ~125 Hz timer, and the report's own sequence counter (r[7], mid-report)
+        // is consumed by the game's HID stack, not the driver — so it cannot serve as a separable
+        // publish flag without a seqlock generation the driver `Acquire`-reads (a `PadShm` layout +
+        // driver change, deferred). The `Release` fence after the copy orders the report-body stores
+        // ahead of this pad's next `Release` publish (the bootstrap/seq stores in `channel.pump()`),
+        // giving the copy Release visibility on a weakly-ordered core (ARM64); on x86-TSO it is a
+        // no-op. Residual: absent a driver-side `Acquire` on a per-frame input generation, a torn
+        // single frame is still theoretically possible but self-heals on the next ~250 Hz write.
         unsafe {
             std::ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(
                 r.as_ptr(),
                 self.channel.data_base().add(OFF_INPUT),
                 r.len(),
-            )
+            );
+            fence(Ordering::Release);
         };
     }
 
@@ -356,9 +325,14 @@ impl DsWinPad {
             std::ptr::read_unaligned(self.channel.data_base().add(OFF_DRIVER_PROTO) as *const u32)
         };
         self.attach.observe(proto);
-        // SAFETY: base points at SHM_SIZE bytes.
+        // SAFETY: base points at SHM_SIZE bytes; `OFF_OUT_SEQ` (== 72) is 4-aligned off the
+        // page-aligned base, so the `AtomicU32` view is valid. The driver bumps `out_seq` AFTER
+        // writing the `output` report, so an `Acquire` load here orders the `output` copy below after
+        // it — a fresh seq guarantees a coherent snapshot of the output bytes on a weakly-ordered core
+        // (ARM64). On x86-TSO it is a plain load.
         let seq = unsafe {
-            std::ptr::read_unaligned(self.channel.data_base().add(OFF_OUT_SEQ) as *const u32)
+            (*(self.channel.data_base().add(OFF_OUT_SEQ) as *const AtomicU32))
+                .load(Ordering::Acquire)
         };
         if seq != self.last_out_seq {
             self.last_out_seq = seq;
@@ -384,8 +358,16 @@ pub struct DualSenseWindowsManager {
     pads: Vec<Option<DsWinPad>>,
     state: Vec<DsState>,
     last_rumble: Vec<(u16, u16)>,
+    /// Last rich feedback (lightbar / player LEDs / adaptive triggers) forwarded per pad, so an
+    /// output report that only changed the rumble doesn't re-send unchanged 0xCD feedback.
+    hidout_dedup: Vec<HidoutDedup>,
     last_write: Vec<Instant>,
-    broken: bool,
+    /// Create-retry gate: a transient UMDF-channel failure backs off and retries instead of
+    /// permanently disabling every pad for the session.
+    gate: PadGate,
+    /// Fallback policy for the Steam back grips a client may send (the DualSense has no back-button
+    /// HID slot). `PUNKTFUNK_STEAM_REMAP=paddles=…`; default drop. Parity with `linux/dualsense.rs`.
+    remap: crate::inject::steam_remap::RemapConfig,
 }
 
 impl Default for DualSenseWindowsManager {
@@ -400,8 +382,10 @@ impl DualSenseWindowsManager {
             pads: (0..MAX_PADS).map(|_| None).collect(),
             state: vec![DsState::neutral(); MAX_PADS],
             last_rumble: vec![(0, 0); MAX_PADS],
+            hidout_dedup: vec![HidoutDedup::default(); MAX_PADS],
             last_write: vec![Instant::now(); MAX_PADS],
-            broken: false,
+            gate: PadGate::new(),
+            remap: crate::inject::steam_remap::RemapConfig::from_env(),
         }
     }
 
@@ -423,6 +407,7 @@ impl DualSenseWindowsManager {
                         *slot = None;
                         self.state[i] = DsState::neutral();
                         self.last_rumble[i] = (0, 0);
+                        self.hidout_dedup[i].clear();
                     }
                 }
                 if f.active_mask & (1 << idx) == 0 {
@@ -430,8 +415,13 @@ impl DualSenseWindowsManager {
                 }
                 self.ensure(idx);
                 let prev = self.state[idx];
+                // Steam back grips have no DualSense slot — fold them onto standard buttons per the
+                // configured policy (default drop) so they aren't silently lost, exactly as
+                // `linux/dualsense.rs` does.
+                let buttons =
+                    crate::inject::steam_remap::fold_paddles(f.buttons, self.remap.paddles);
                 let mut s = DsState::from_gamepad(
-                    f.buttons,
+                    buttons,
                     f.ls_x,
                     f.ls_y,
                     f.rs_x,
@@ -486,7 +476,7 @@ impl DualSenseWindowsManager {
     }
 
     fn ensure(&mut self, idx: usize) {
-        if idx >= MAX_PADS || self.pads[idx].is_some() || self.broken {
+        if idx >= MAX_PADS || self.pads[idx].is_some() || !self.gate.allow(Instant::now()) {
             return;
         }
         match DsWinPad::open(idx as u8) {
@@ -498,11 +488,13 @@ impl DualSenseWindowsManager {
                 self.pads[idx] = Some(p);
                 self.state[idx] = DsState::neutral();
                 self.last_rumble[idx] = (0, 0);
+                self.hidout_dedup[idx].clear();
                 self.last_write[idx] = Instant::now();
+                self.gate.on_success();
             }
             Err(e) => {
-                tracing::error!(error = %format!("{e:#}"), "virtual DualSense creation failed — controller input disabled until the next client connect (install/repair: punktfunk-host.exe driver install --gamepad)");
-                self.broken = true;
+                tracing::error!(error = %format!("{e:#}"), "virtual DualSense creation failed — retrying with backoff (install/repair: punktfunk-host.exe driver install --gamepad)");
+                self.gate.on_failure(Instant::now());
             }
         }
     }
@@ -527,8 +519,12 @@ impl DualSenseWindowsManager {
                 }
             }
             for h in fb.hidout {
+                // Skip rich feedback that repeats the last-forwarded value (the game's output report
+                // re-sends unchanged lightbar/LED/trigger state alongside every rumble update).
+                if self.hidout_dedup[i].should_forward(&h) {
                     hidout(h);
                 }
             }
         }
     }
+}

crates/punktfunk-host/src/inject/windows/dualshock4_windows.rs

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ use super::dualshock4_proto::{
 };
 use super::gamepad_raii::PadChannel;
 use crate::gamestream::gamepad::{GamepadEvent, MAX_PADS};
+use crate::inject::pad_gate::PadGate;
 use anyhow::Result;
 use punktfunk_core::quic::{HidOutput, RichInput};
 use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
@@ -149,7 +150,12 @@ pub struct DualShock4WindowsManager {
     last_rumble: Vec<(u16, u16)>,
     last_led: Vec<Option<(u8, u8, u8)>>,
     last_write: Vec<Instant>,
-    broken: bool,
+    /// Create-retry gate: a transient UMDF-channel failure backs off and retries instead of
+    /// permanently disabling every pad for the session.
+    gate: PadGate,
+    /// Fallback policy for the Steam back grips a client may send (the DS4 has no back-button HID
+    /// slot). `PUNKTFUNK_STEAM_REMAP=paddles=…`; default drop. Parity with `linux/dualshock4.rs`.
+    remap: crate::inject::steam_remap::RemapConfig,
 }
 
 impl Default for DualShock4WindowsManager {
@@ -166,7 +172,8 @@ impl DualShock4WindowsManager {
             last_rumble: vec![(0, 0); MAX_PADS],
             last_led: vec![None; MAX_PADS],
             last_write: vec![Instant::now(); MAX_PADS],
-            broken: false,
+            gate: PadGate::new(),
+            remap: crate::inject::steam_remap::RemapConfig::from_env(),
         }
     }
 
@@ -196,8 +203,13 @@ impl DualShock4WindowsManager {
                 }
                 self.ensure(idx);
                 let prev = self.state[idx];
+                // Steam back grips have no DS4 slot — fold them onto standard buttons per the
+                // configured policy (default drop) so they aren't silently lost, exactly as
+                // `linux/dualshock4.rs` does.
+                let buttons =
+                    crate::inject::steam_remap::fold_paddles(f.buttons, self.remap.paddles);
                 let mut s = DsState::from_gamepad(
-                    f.buttons,
+                    buttons,
                     f.ls_x,
                     f.ls_y,
                     f.rs_x,
@@ -251,7 +263,7 @@ impl DualShock4WindowsManager {
     }
 
     fn ensure(&mut self, idx: usize) {
-        if idx >= MAX_PADS || self.pads[idx].is_some() || self.broken {
+        if idx >= MAX_PADS || self.pads[idx].is_some() || !self.gate.allow(Instant::now()) {
             return;
         }
         match Ds4WinPad::open(idx as u8) {
@@ -265,10 +277,11 @@ impl DualShock4WindowsManager {
                 self.last_rumble[idx] = (0, 0);
                 self.last_led[idx] = None;
                 self.last_write[idx] = Instant::now();
+                self.gate.on_success();
             }
             Err(e) => {
-                tracing::error!(error = %format!("{e:#}"), "virtual DualShock 4 creation failed — controller input disabled until the next client connect (install/repair: punktfunk-host.exe driver install --gamepad)");
-                self.broken = true;
+                tracing::error!(error = %format!("{e:#}"), "virtual DualShock 4 creation failed — retrying with backoff (install/repair: punktfunk-host.exe driver install --gamepad)");
+                self.gate.on_failure(Instant::now());
             }
         }
     }

crates/punktfunk-host/src/inject/windows/gamepad_raii.rs

@@ -22,19 +22,20 @@
 
 use anyhow::{anyhow, bail, Context, Result};
 use pf_driver_proto::gamepad::{PadBootstrap, BOOT_MAGIC, GAMEPAD_PROTO_VERSION};
+use std::ffi::c_void;
 use std::os::windows::io::{AsRawHandle, FromRawHandle, OwnedHandle};
 use std::sync::atomic::{fence, AtomicU32, AtomicU64, Ordering};
 use std::sync::OnceLock;
 use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
-use windows::core::{w, HSTRING, PCWSTR};
+use windows::core::{w, HRESULT, HSTRING, PCWSTR};
 use windows::Win32::Devices::DeviceAndDriverInstallation::{
     CM_Get_DevNode_Status, CM_Locate_DevNodeW, CM_DEVNODE_STATUS_FLAGS, CM_LOCATE_DEVNODE_NORMAL,
     CM_PROB, CR_SUCCESS, DN_DRIVER_LOADED, DN_HAS_PROBLEM, DN_STARTED,
 };
 use windows::Win32::Devices::Enumeration::Pnp::{SwDeviceClose, HSWDEVICE};
 use windows::Win32::Foundation::{
-    DuplicateHandle, GetLastError, SetLastError, DUPLICATE_HANDLE_OPTIONS, ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS,
-    HANDLE, INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE, WIN32_ERROR,
+    DuplicateHandle, GetLastError, LocalFree, SetLastError, DUPLICATE_HANDLE_OPTIONS,
+    ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS, HANDLE, HLOCAL, INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE, WIN32_ERROR,
 };
 use windows::Win32::Security::Authorization::{
     ConvertStringSecurityDescriptorToSecurityDescriptorW, SDDL_REVISION_1,
@@ -45,7 +46,7 @@ use windows::Win32::System::Memory::{
     MEMORY_MAPPED_VIEW_ADDRESS, PAGE_READWRITE,
 };
 use windows::Win32::System::Threading::{
-    GetCurrentProcess, OpenProcess, PROCESS_DUP_HANDLE, PROCESS_QUERY_LIMITED_INFORMATION,
+    GetCurrentProcess, OpenProcess, SetEvent, PROCESS_DUP_HANDLE, PROCESS_QUERY_LIMITED_INFORMATION,
 };
 
 /// Least access the pad driver needs on the duplicated DATA section: it only MAPS it read/write, so
@@ -65,11 +66,37 @@ pub(super) struct Shm {
     view: MEMORY_MAPPED_VIEW_ADDRESS,
 }
 
-/// Build a `SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES` from an SDDL literal (`psd` is OS-allocated and leaked — acceptable
-/// for the handful of pad channels a host creates; it must outlive the returned `SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES`).
-fn sddl_sa(sddl: PCWSTR) -> Result<SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES> {
+/// Owns an SDDL-derived `SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES` **and** the OS-allocated security descriptor its
+/// `lpSecurityDescriptor` points at (`ConvertStringSecurityDescriptorToSecurityDescriptorW`
+/// `LocalAlloc`s the descriptor). Drop `LocalFree`s it, so a `SecAttr` must outlive every
+/// `CreateFileMappingW` that borrows its `sa`: the section copies the security info at create time, so
+/// freeing after the create returns is safe — hence [`Shm::create_named`] builds one `SecAttr` before
+/// its squat-retry loop and reuses it across attempts instead of re-allocating (and re-leaking) per
+/// attempt.
+struct SecAttr {
+    sa: SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES,
+    psd: PSECURITY_DESCRIPTOR,
+}
+
+impl Drop for SecAttr {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        // SAFETY: `psd` is the descriptor `ConvertStringSecurityDescriptorToSecurityDescriptorW`
+        // allocated for us with `LocalAlloc`; release it with the matching `LocalFree`. Every
+        // `CreateFileMappingW` that borrowed `self.sa` has already returned (so has copied the
+        // security info into its section object), so no live `SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES` still points here.
+        unsafe {
+            let _ = LocalFree(Some(HLOCAL(self.psd.0)));
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Build a [`SecAttr`] from an SDDL literal — a `SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES` plus the descriptor it borrows,
+/// freed together on drop. The returned owner must outlive every `CreateFileMappingW` that borrows
+/// its `sa` (see [`SecAttr`]).
+fn sddl_sa(sddl: PCWSTR) -> Result<SecAttr> {
     let mut psd = PSECURITY_DESCRIPTOR::default();
-    // SAFETY: the SDDL literal is valid; `psd` receives an OS-allocated descriptor (leaked — see above).
+    // SAFETY: the SDDL literal is valid; `psd` receives a `LocalAlloc`'d descriptor that `SecAttr`'s
+    // `Drop` `LocalFree`s once the section create that borrows it has returned.
     unsafe {
         ConvertStringSecurityDescriptorToSecurityDescriptorW(
             sddl,
@@ -78,10 +105,13 @@ fn sddl_sa(sddl: PCWSTR) -> Result<SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES> {
             None,
         )?;
     }
-    Ok(SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES {
+    Ok(SecAttr {
+        sa: SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES {
             nLength: core::mem::size_of::<SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES>() as u32,
             lpSecurityDescriptor: psd.0,
             bInheritHandle: false.into(),
+        },
+        psd,
     })
 }
 
@@ -93,7 +123,9 @@ impl Shm {
     /// validated on-glass — `design/idd-push-security.md`).
     pub(super) fn create_unnamed(size: usize) -> Result<Shm> {
         let sa = sddl_sa(w!("D:P(A;;GA;;;SY)"))?;
-        Self::create_inner(&sa, PCWSTR::null(), size).context("create unnamed gamepad DATA section")
+        // `sa` owns the descriptor and lives to the end of this fn, so it outlives the create.
+        Self::create_inner(&sa.sa, PCWSTR::null(), size)
+            .context("create unnamed gamepad DATA section")
     }
 
     /// Create + zero a **named** `size`-byte section, mapped read/write — the bootstrap mailbox. SDDL
@@ -106,6 +138,8 @@ impl Shm {
     /// poll tick), then fail loudly rather than run the handshake through an attacker-owned (or
     /// another host instance's) mailbox.
     pub(super) fn create_named(name: &HSTRING, size: usize) -> Result<Shm> {
+        // Build the descriptor ONCE and reuse it across the squat-retry loop — it (and the OS
+        // allocation it owns) lives to the end of this fn, so it outlives every create below.
         let sa = sddl_sa(w!("D:(A;;GA;;;SY)(A;;GA;;;LS)"))?;
         for attempt in 0..5 {
             if attempt > 0 {
@@ -113,7 +147,7 @@ impl Shm {
             }
             // SAFETY: clearing the thread error slot so ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS below is unambiguous.
             unsafe { SetLastError(WIN32_ERROR(0)) };
-            let shm = Self::create_inner(&sa, PCWSTR(name.as_ptr()), size)
+            let shm = Self::create_inner(&sa.sa, PCWSTR(name.as_ptr()), size)
                 .with_context(|| format!("create gamepad bootstrap mailbox {name}"))?;
             // SAFETY: read immediately after the create; windows-rs only touches the error slot on
             // failure, so a success here preserves CreateFileMappingW's ALREADY_EXISTS signal.
@@ -131,7 +165,8 @@ impl Shm {
 
     fn create_inner(sa: &SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES, name: PCWSTR, size: usize) -> Result<Shm> {
         // SAFETY: an anonymous (pagefile-backed) section of `size` bytes with the caller's SDDL; the
-        // descriptor behind `sa` outlives this call (leaked by `sddl_sa`).
+        // descriptor behind `sa` outlives this call (owned by the caller's `SecAttr`, freed only once
+        // every create that borrows it has returned).
         let map = unsafe {
             CreateFileMappingW(
                 INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE,
@@ -403,6 +438,53 @@ impl PadChannel {
     }
 }
 
+/// Context for the `SwDeviceCreate` completion callback: an event to signal, the HRESULT it reports,
+/// and the PnP instance id PnP assigned (captured for devnode health diagnostics). Shared by every
+/// Windows companion backend (XUSB / DualSense / DS4): each `create_swdevice` builds one, hands it to
+/// `SwDeviceCreate` alongside [`sw_create_cb`], and reads [`instance_id`](Self::instance_id) once the
+/// callback has signalled.
+#[repr(C)]
+pub(super) struct SwCreateCtx {
+    pub(super) event: HANDLE,
+    pub(super) result: HRESULT,
+    pub(super) instance_id: [u16; 128],
+}
+
+/// `SwDeviceCreate` fires this once PnP has enumerated the device; stash the result and wake the
+/// creator, which blocks on the event (so there's no concurrent access to `*ctx`).
+pub(super) unsafe extern "system" fn sw_create_cb(
+    _dev: HSWDEVICE,
+    result: HRESULT,
+    ctx: *const c_void,
+    id: PCWSTR,
+) {
+    if !ctx.is_null() {
+        // SAFETY: ctx is the &mut SwCreateCtx the creator passed; it outlives this callback (the
+        // creator blocks on the event). `id` is a NUL-terminated string for the callback's duration.
+        unsafe {
+            let c = ctx as *mut SwCreateCtx;
+            (*c).result = result;
+            if !id.is_null() {
+                for i in 0..(*c).instance_id.len() - 1 {
+                    let ch = *id.0.add(i);
+                    (*c).instance_id[i] = ch;
+                    if ch == 0 {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            let _ = SetEvent((*c).event);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl SwCreateCtx {
+    pub(super) fn instance_id(&self) -> Option<String> {
+        let len = self.instance_id.iter().position(|&c| c == 0)?;
+        (len > 0).then(|| String::from_utf16_lossy(&self.instance_id[..len]))
+    }
+}
+
 /// A `SwDeviceCreate`'d software devnode; drop removes it via `SwDeviceClose`. Replaces the manual
 /// `SwDeviceClose` each backend used to call in its `Drop`.
 pub(super) struct SwDevice(HSWDEVICE);

crates/punktfunk-host/src/inject/windows/gamepad_windows.rs

@@ -12,17 +12,19 @@
 //! parses the `SET_STATE` packet into the shared section, and [`GamepadManager::pump_rumble`] relays
 //! level changes to the client (the universal 0xCA plane), mirroring the Linux `EV_FF` read path.
 
-use super::gamepad_raii::PadChannel;
+use super::gamepad_raii::{sw_create_cb, PadChannel, SwCreateCtx};
 use crate::gamestream::gamepad::{GamepadEvent, MAX_PADS};
+use crate::inject::pad_gate::PadGate;
 use anyhow::{anyhow, Result};
 use std::ffi::c_void;
+use std::sync::atomic::{fence, AtomicU32, Ordering};
 use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
-use windows::core::{w, GUID, HRESULT, PCWSTR};
+use windows::core::{w, GUID, PCWSTR};
 use windows::Win32::Devices::Enumeration::Pnp::{
     SwDeviceClose, SwDeviceCreate, HSWDEVICE, SW_DEVICE_CREATE_INFO,
 };
-use windows::Win32::Foundation::{CloseHandle, E_FAIL, HANDLE, WAIT_OBJECT_0};
-use windows::Win32::System::Threading::{CreateEventW, SetEvent, WaitForSingleObject};
+use windows::Win32::Foundation::{CloseHandle, E_FAIL, WAIT_OBJECT_0};
+use windows::Win32::System::Threading::{CreateEventW, WaitForSingleObject};
 
 // Shared-section layout — the single source of truth is `pf_driver_proto::gamepad::XusbShm` (offset
 // asserts pin every field; the `pf_xusb` driver maps the same struct). Derive the size/offsets/magic from
@@ -43,49 +45,6 @@ const OFF_RUMBLE: usize = core::mem::offset_of!(XusbShm, rumble_large); // large
 const OFF_DRIVER_PROTO: usize = core::mem::offset_of!(XusbShm, driver_proto);
 const OFF_PAD_INDEX: usize = core::mem::offset_of!(XusbShm, pad_index);
 
-/// Context for the `SwDeviceCreate` completion callback: an event to signal, the HRESULT it reports,
-/// and the PnP instance id PnP assigned (captured for devnode health diagnostics).
-#[repr(C)]
-struct SwCreateCtx {
-    event: HANDLE,
-    result: HRESULT,
-    instance_id: [u16; 128],
-}
-
-/// `SwDeviceCreate` fires this once PnP has enumerated the device; stash the result + wake the creator.
-unsafe extern "system" fn sw_create_cb(
-    _dev: HSWDEVICE,
-    result: HRESULT,
-    ctx: *const c_void,
-    id: PCWSTR,
-) {
-    if !ctx.is_null() {
-        // SAFETY: ctx is the &mut SwCreateCtx the creator passed; it outlives this callback (the
-        // creator blocks on the event). `id` is a NUL-terminated string for the callback's duration.
-        unsafe {
-            let c = ctx as *mut SwCreateCtx;
-            (*c).result = result;
-            if !id.is_null() {
-                for i in 0..(*c).instance_id.len() - 1 {
-                    let ch = *id.0.add(i);
-                    (*c).instance_id[i] = ch;
-                    if ch == 0 {
-                        break;
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            let _ = SetEvent((*c).event);
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl SwCreateCtx {
-    fn instance_id(&self) -> Option<String> {
-        let len = self.instance_id.iter().position(|&c| c == 0)?;
-        (len > 0).then(|| String::from_utf16_lossy(&self.instance_id[..len]))
-    }
-}
-
 /// Spawn the `pf_xusb_<index>` companion devnode (hardware id `pf_xusb`, enumerator `punktfunk`). The
 /// INF (System class) binds our UMDF driver, which registers the XUSB interface. Unlike the HID pads,
 /// no USB compatible-ids are needed — XInput finds the device by the interface GUID, not VID/PID — but
@@ -235,7 +194,13 @@ impl XusbWinPad {
         let base = self.channel.data_base();
         // SAFETY: `base` is the start of the mapped section (`SHM_SIZE` bytes, owned by `Shm`); every
         // `OFF_*` is a fixed in-range offset into it and `write_unaligned` handles the unaligned field
-        // writes. Single owner (`&mut self`), so no concurrent writer races these stores.
+        // writes. Single owner (`&mut self`), so no concurrent writer races these stores. `packet` (the
+        // field XInput reads to detect a new state) is published LAST: the `Release` fence orders the
+        // state-body stores above before the `Release` `AtomicU32` store of `packet`, so the driver —
+        // which `Acquire`-loads `packet` — never observes a bumped packet over a torn body on a
+        // weakly-ordered core (ARM64). On x86-TSO both are plain stores. `OFF_PACKET` (== 4) is
+        // 4-aligned off the page-aligned section base, so the `AtomicU32` view is valid (mirrors the
+        // seq-fenced publish in `gamepad_raii::PadChannel::create`).
         unsafe {
             std::ptr::write_unaligned(base.add(OFF_BUTTONS) as *mut u16, buttons);
             *base.add(OFF_LT) = lt;
@@ -244,7 +209,8 @@ impl XusbWinPad {
             std::ptr::write_unaligned(base.add(OFF_LY) as *mut i16, ly);
             std::ptr::write_unaligned(base.add(OFF_RX) as *mut i16, rx);
             std::ptr::write_unaligned(base.add(OFF_RY) as *mut i16, ry);
-            std::ptr::write_unaligned(base.add(OFF_PACKET) as *mut u32, self.packet);
+            fence(Ordering::Release);
+            (*(base.add(OFF_PACKET) as *const AtomicU32)).store(self.packet, Ordering::Release);
         }
     }
 
@@ -258,8 +224,13 @@ impl XusbWinPad {
         // SAFETY: base points at SHM_SIZE bytes.
         let proto = unsafe { std::ptr::read_unaligned(base.add(OFF_DRIVER_PROTO) as *const u32) };
         self.attach.observe(proto);
-        // SAFETY: base points at SHM_SIZE bytes.
-        let seq = unsafe { std::ptr::read_unaligned(base.add(OFF_RUMBLE_SEQ) as *const u32) };
+        // SAFETY: base points at SHM_SIZE bytes; `OFF_RUMBLE_SEQ` (== 24) is 4-aligned off the
+        // page-aligned base, so the `AtomicU32` view is valid. The driver bumps `rumble_seq` AFTER
+        // writing the rumble bytes, so an `Acquire` load here orders the `rumble_large`/`rumble_small`
+        // reads below after it — a fresh seq guarantees a coherent snapshot of the rumble bytes on a
+        // weakly-ordered core (ARM64). On x86-TSO it is a plain load.
+        let seq =
+            unsafe { (*(base.add(OFF_RUMBLE_SEQ) as *const AtomicU32)).load(Ordering::Acquire) };
         if seq == self.last_rumble_seq {
             return None;
         }
@@ -291,7 +262,9 @@ pub struct GamepadManager {
     /// `last_rumble` older than [`RUMBLE_IDLE_TIMEOUT`] against this is a stale residual — see the
     /// const's docs.
     last_active: Vec<Instant>,
-    broken: bool,
+    /// Create-retry gate: a transient XUSB-companion failure backs off and retries instead of
+    /// permanently disabling every pad for the session.
+    gate: PadGate,
 }
 
 impl Default for GamepadManager {
@@ -306,12 +279,12 @@ impl GamepadManager {
             pads: (0..MAX_PADS).map(|_| None).collect(),
             last_rumble: vec![(0, 0); MAX_PADS],
             last_active: (0..MAX_PADS).map(|_| Instant::now()).collect(),
-            broken: false,
+            gate: PadGate::new(),
         }
     }
 
     fn ensure(&mut self, idx: usize) {
-        if idx >= MAX_PADS || self.pads[idx].is_some() || self.broken {
+        if idx >= MAX_PADS || self.pads[idx].is_some() || !self.gate.allow(Instant::now()) {
             return;
         }
         match XusbWinPad::open(idx as u8) {
@@ -322,18 +295,23 @@ impl GamepadManager {
                 );
                 self.pads[idx] = Some(p);
                 self.last_rumble[idx] = (0, 0);
+                self.last_active[idx] = Instant::now();
+                self.gate.on_success();
             }
             Err(e) => {
-                tracing::error!(error = %format!("{e:#}"), "virtual Xbox 360 creation failed — controller input disabled until the next client connect (install/repair: punktfunk-host.exe driver install --gamepad)");
-                self.broken = true;
+                tracing::error!(error = %format!("{e:#}"), "virtual Xbox 360 creation failed — retrying with backoff (install/repair: punktfunk-host.exe driver install --gamepad)");
+                self.gate.on_failure(Instant::now());
             }
         }
     }
 
     pub fn handle(&mut self, ev: &GamepadEvent) {
-        let GamepadEvent::State(f) = ev else {
-            return; // Arrival metadata — the pad is created lazily on the first State
-        };
+        match ev {
+            GamepadEvent::Arrival { index, kind, .. } => {
+                tracing::info!(index, kind, "controller arrival (Xbox 360/Windows)");
+                self.ensure(*index as usize);
+            }
+            GamepadEvent::State(f) => {
                 let idx = f.index.max(0) as usize;
                 if idx >= MAX_PADS {
                     return;
@@ -344,6 +322,7 @@ impl GamepadManager {
                         tracing::info!(index = i, "controller unplugged (Xbox 360/Windows)");
                         *slot = None;
                         self.last_rumble[i] = (0, 0);
+                        self.last_active[i] = Instant::now();
                     }
                 }
                 if f.active_mask & (1 << idx) == 0 {
@@ -362,6 +341,8 @@ impl GamepadManager {
                     );
                 }
             }
+        }
+    }
 
     /// Relay any changed rumble level to the client. XUSB motors are 0..255; the wire carries
     /// 0..65535, so scale by 257. `large` (low-frequency) → the datagram's `low`, `small`

crates/punktfunk-host/src/punktfunk1.rs

@@ -5335,11 +5335,54 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(s.apply(&gp(InputKind::GamepadAxis, AXIS_LT, 9_999, 0)));
         assert_eq!(s.left_trigger, 255);
         assert!(!s.apply(&gp(InputKind::GamepadAxis, 42, 1, 0)));
+    }
 
-        // The punktfunk/1 button bits are the GameStream bits — one wire contract end to end.
-        assert_eq!(BTN_A, crate::gamestream::gamepad::BTN_A);
-        assert_eq!(BTN_GUIDE, crate::gamestream::gamepad::BTN_GUIDE);
-        assert_eq!(BTN_DPAD_UP, crate::gamestream::gamepad::BTN_DPAD_UP);
+    /// Freeze the gamepad wire contract: every button bit + axis id pinned to its exact value, read
+    /// through the GameStream namespace (`crate::gamestream::gamepad`, which re-exports
+    /// `punktfunk_core::input::gamepad` — the punktfunk/1 native wire and the GameStream/Limelight
+    /// wire are one and the same). Renumbering a bit in core, or dropping one from that re-export,
+    /// silently breaks every already-shipped client, so it must fail here first. This is the host
+    /// counterpart to the client-side C-ABI cross-checks in the Apple/Android gamepad tests.
+    #[test]
+    fn gamepad_wire_bits_are_pinned() {
+        use crate::gamestream::gamepad as gm;
+        use punktfunk_core::input::gamepad as pf;
+        // buttonFlags — low 16 bits, named via the GameStream re-export the injectors use.
+        assert_eq!(gm::BTN_DPAD_UP, 0x0000_0001);
+        assert_eq!(gm::BTN_DPAD_DOWN, 0x0000_0002);
+        assert_eq!(gm::BTN_DPAD_LEFT, 0x0000_0004);
+        assert_eq!(gm::BTN_DPAD_RIGHT, 0x0000_0008);
+        assert_eq!(gm::BTN_START, 0x0000_0010);
+        assert_eq!(gm::BTN_BACK, 0x0000_0020);
+        assert_eq!(gm::BTN_LS_CLICK, 0x0000_0040);
+        assert_eq!(gm::BTN_RS_CLICK, 0x0000_0080);
+        assert_eq!(gm::BTN_LB, 0x0000_0100);
+        assert_eq!(gm::BTN_RB, 0x0000_0200);
+        assert_eq!(gm::BTN_GUIDE, 0x0000_0400);
+        assert_eq!(gm::BTN_A, 0x0000_1000);
+        assert_eq!(gm::BTN_B, 0x0000_2000);
+        assert_eq!(gm::BTN_X, 0x0000_4000);
+        assert_eq!(gm::BTN_Y, 0x0000_8000);
+        // buttonFlags2 — high 16 bits: back-grip paddles (re-exported), plus the touchpad-click /
+        // Share bits the DualSense/DS4 protos consume straight from core.
+        assert_eq!(gm::BTN_PADDLE1, 0x0001_0000);
+        assert_eq!(gm::BTN_PADDLE2, 0x0002_0000);
+        assert_eq!(gm::BTN_PADDLE3, 0x0004_0000);
+        assert_eq!(gm::BTN_PADDLE4, 0x0008_0000);
+        assert_eq!(pf::BTN_TOUCHPAD, 0x0010_0000);
+        assert_eq!(pf::BTN_MISC1, 0x0020_0000);
+        // Axis ids — dense, 0-based.
+        assert_eq!(
+            [
+                pf::AXIS_LS_X,
+                pf::AXIS_LS_Y,
+                pf::AXIS_RS_X,
+                pf::AXIS_RS_Y,
+                pf::AXIS_LT,
+                pf::AXIS_RT,
+            ],
+            [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+        );
     }
 
     /// Pull and byte-verify `count` synthetic frames through the C ABI connection.