chore(release): bump workspace version to 0.4.1; canary base to 0.5.0

The [workspace.package] version (inherited by every crate via version.workspace)
lagged at 0.3.0 through the 0.4.0 release — bump it to 0.4.1, the release being
cut, and refresh the 8 workspace entries in Cargo.lock to match (CI builds
--locked).

Also advance the CI canary-base fallbacks (deb/rpm/flatpak/android/release
workflows + build-rpm.sh) from 0.3.0 to 0.5.0 so main/canary builds sort one
minor ahead of the latest stable line, per the documented channel convention.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>

Cargo.toml

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ members = [
 exclude = ["packaging/linux/steam-deck-gadget/usbip-poc"]
 
 [workspace.package]
-version = "0.3.0"
+version = "0.4.1"
 edition = "2021"
 rust-version = "1.82"
 license = "MIT OR Apache-2.0"