chore(release): bump workspace version to 0.4.1; canary base to 0.5.0

The [workspace.package] version (inherited by every crate via version.workspace)
lagged at 0.3.0 through the 0.4.0 release — bump it to 0.4.1, the release being
cut, and refresh the 8 workspace entries in Cargo.lock to match (CI builds
--locked).

Also advance the CI canary-base fallbacks (deb/rpm/flatpak/android/release
workflows + build-rpm.sh) from 0.3.0 to 0.5.0 so main/canary builds sort one
minor ahead of the latest stable line, per the documented channel convention.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>

.gitea/workflows/android.yml

@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           case "$GITHUB_REF" in
             refs/tags/v*) VN="${GITHUB_REF_NAME#v}"; TRACK="alpha" ;;   # alpha = built-in closed testing
-            *)            VN="0.3.0-ci${GITHUB_RUN_NUMBER}"; TRACK="internal" ;;
+            *)            VN="0.5.0-ci${GITHUB_RUN_NUMBER}"; TRACK="internal" ;;
           esac
           echo "VERSION_NAME=$VN" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
           echo "PLAY_TRACK=$TRACK" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"